Harvard Referencing system
WRITING CENTRE
Harvard Referencing Guide
There are many different Author-Date referencing styles (see the Referencing Comparison Sheet for one other). This guide is based on the Style manual for authors, editors and printers.
Harvard referencing style uses references in two places in a piece of writing: in the text and in a reference list at the end.
In general, each name that appears in the text must also appear in the reference list, and every work in the reference list must also be referred to in the main text. (There are some rare exceptions to this rule which are given in the following guide.) All the details of the reference are important, including the full stops and commas. In-text references in Harvard style should give the author’s family name and the year of the work’s publication; if you quote or paraphrase, you should also give a page number.
Here is a generic example, as it would appear in a reference list, for a journal article with three authors:
Author,˰AA,˰Author,˰B˰&˰Author,˰C˰YEAR,˰'Article title in between single quotes, in lower case and with no full stop to end',˰Journal Title in Italics with Capitals,˰vol.˰##,˰no.˰#,˰pp.˰##-##.
Note: ˰ represents a space.
In the text, it would look like this: It has been claimed that . . . (Author, Author & Author YEAR, p. #).
It could also look like this: Author, Author and Author (YEAR, p. #) claim that . . .
Note: in the first in-text example the & sign is used; this is because the names are in brackets. In the second example, the word ‘and’ is used; this is because the names are part of the sentence and only the year and page number are in brackets. In the examples which follow, no page numbers are given for the in-text examples. However, remember that you will need to include a page number if you quote or paraphrase. If you are referring only to one page, use the abbreviation p. If you are referring to more than one page, use the abbreviation pp.
Electronic media
Journal
Harvard Referencing Guide
There are many different Author-Date referencing styles (see the Referencing Comparison Sheet for one other). This guide is based on the Style manual for authors, editors and printers.
Harvard referencing style uses references in two places in a piece of writing: in the text and in a reference list at the end.
In general, each name that appears in the text must also appear in the reference list, and every work in the reference list must also be referred to in the main text. (There are some rare exceptions to this rule which are given in the following guide.) All the details of the reference are important, including the full stops and commas. In-text references in Harvard style should give the author’s family name and the year of the work’s publication; if you quote or paraphrase, you should also give a page number.
Here is a generic example, as it would appear in a reference list, for a journal article with three authors:
Author,˰AA,˰Author,˰B˰&˰Author,˰C˰YEAR,˰'Article title in between single quotes, in lower case and with no full stop to end',˰Journal Title in Italics with Capitals,˰vol.˰##,˰no.˰#,˰pp.˰##-##.
Note: ˰ represents a space.
In the text, it would look like this: It has been claimed that . . . (Author, Author & Author YEAR, p. #).
It could also look like this: Author, Author and Author (YEAR, p. #) claim that . . .
Note: in the first in-text example the & sign is used; this is because the names are in brackets. In the second example, the word ‘and’ is used; this is because the names are part of the sentence and only the year and page number are in brackets. In the examples which follow, no page numbers are given for the in-text examples. However, remember that you will need to include a page number if you quote or paraphrase. If you are referring only to one page, use the abbreviation p. If you are referring to more than one page, use the abbreviation pp.
Electronic media
Journal