In Carmen Vázquez’s article “Appearances,” published in 1992 in the book Homophobia, the writer expressed concern about homophobic violence and how stereotypes affect not only gays and lesbians but normal men and women as well. In her article, Vázquez writes to the general public, which she believes is at fault for stereotyping. She begins by presenting an area named Castro that resides in San Francisco hills and serves as a sanctuary for gays and lesbians. She then describes a situation in which a young, straight boy named Brian was beaten on a bus because he was suspected of being gay. She proceeds to explain that this is a common occurrence. Vázquez emphasizes her point by using another mistakenly gay victim name Mickey who was attacked at a nightclub. Using the…
The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community is a community based on celebrating individuality, sexuality, pride, diversity, love, and acceptance. Also known as the gay community, LGBT people believe in promoting LGBT rights and fighting for social justice. UCLA School of Law (Gates, 2011) conducted four national studies and two-state-level population based studies. The results determined that there are approximately nine million adults in the United States that identify themselves as LGBT. Prehistoric findings show that the community has been a target for discrimination and persecution from individuals and groups that practice homophobia since 11th century BCE. Although today’s century has proven to improve the…
Purpose: I will present the problem of anti-gay hate crimes in the SF Bay Area, and I will suggest some solutions to prevent or reduce the sexual prejudice, hate crimes and any discriminatory acts.…
There is a fine line in what is considered freedom of speech and what impedes on another person’s freedom. In fact John Stuart Mill states in his book On Liberty, “the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others” (1978, 9). The use of hate speech has a strong impact, especially in minority groups where the support system is not very strong. One example hate speech being persecuted is in an article from the website Grapevine titled Ten Charged with Hate Speech Towards LGBT Community. While some individuals may argue that the freedom of speech is the right of all Americans, there are definitely limits when it comes to the hatred and harassment of a particular group. The law enacted which included sexual orientation in the group where hate speech is not allowed stemmed from the fact that the suicide rate for LGBT teens is much higher than it is for other teens. The Trevor project found LGBT teens are 4 times more likely to attempt…
The basis of victimization is primarily sexual orientation with a secondary focus on religion, or a lack of religion. Discovered during the research process for this paper, is a “blog” attached to the “Lez-get-real” website based in San Francisco. The site displays recent heated debates between a member of a local church and a gay man who used foul language, taunted, and bragged that he is gay and an atheist (Lez-get-real, n.d.). The validity and intention of statements as factual or simply directed to be inflammatory is unclear. In either case, members of hate groups feed on this rhetoric and use the information to rationalize their positions and their acts of violence. Most often, no provocation by the victim is given or required for the attackers to…
On October 6, 1998, 21-year-old Matthew Shepard was beaten, tortured, tied to a fence, and left to die. He was rushed to a nearby hospital, but succumbed to his severe injuries 6 days later. A young man, who still had his whole life ahead of him, lost the chance to experience it because he was gay. Hate crimes, such as this case, still happen today and at an increasing rate, according to the statistics gathered by the U.S Department of Justice. A hate crime is a criminal offense against a person or property motivated by the offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, or sexual orientation. Harsher punishments must accompany hate crimes because of their unique characteristics such as the impact it has on the American society, their high possibility of recidivism, and the immense amount of psychological trauma these cases can create.…
There were recently a terrible shooting that happened in Florida this year. It was reportedly a hate crime against LGBT. It happened at a gay club in Orlando, Florida. There were about 50 people who were shot. The shooter was Omar Mateen.…
Hate crimes are done too frequently all around the world. Although, there are national and state level laws that supposedly regulate them, many people that are different than them. Many of these crimes come in different forms such as hate speech, mentally torturing, physically abusing, and even murdering. Aaron Day, one of the most influential writer for LGBT community, defines clearly, “laws in Russia”- shows how the government and some people in Russia treats homosexuals horribly. According to Aaron Day's article on “The 25 most shocking anti-gay stories from Russia so far,” gay club in Central Station on 23 November 2014 was attacked with ‘harmful gas’ by unknown assailants.(Day) It shows that gay peoples’ rights are violated just because…
Lifeless bodies with slashed throats were found in the mountains of Virginia nearly six years ago. This is quite a disturbing image; the unfortunate result of a hate crime. What exactly is a hate crime? The American Psychological Association defines hate crimes as "violent acts against people, property, or organizations because of the group to which they belong or identify with" (1). The different groups usually involved include homosexuals, ethnic groups, and religion affiliations.…
In the United States hate crimes has been an issue to where it should be taken seriously. ‘’Hate crimes and bias motivated crimes …’’ involve crimes that are related to violence which are motivated by…’’ prejudice against a victims race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or disability’’(Langton, Planty). Throughout history people who were involved in hate crimes were known as the KKK, the League of the South, Aryan nations and much more. Not only has it been a problem in the past but gradually continues to evolve into a bigger problem. Through these tensions of hate crimes against one another, people have ended up brutalized, or sometimes beaten to death. Minorities from different places of the world have been experiencing hate crimes in the United States due to the difference race, sexual orientation and religion.…
When the Hate Crime Statistics Act was passed, signed into law and reauthorized, it did not include hate crimes against women as a class (The Leadership Conference ). Since there is no official inclusion of gender-based crimes associated with the Hate Crime Statistics Act, the statistics and tracking of increase or decrease of these crimes are not apart of federal law or the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) of hate crime and remain unknown (Criminal Justice). However, there are still various hate crimes committed against women everyday which include: murder, rapes and various types of domestic violence.…
A hate crime can be defined in two ways, by the legal definition and the criminological definition. The legal definition of a hate crime is a traditional offense like murder, arson, or vandalism with an added element of bias, a criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, ethnic origin or sexual orientation. The criminological definition of a hate crime is a crime committed as an act of prejudice, or any hate incident which constitutes a criminal offence perceived by the victim or any other person, as being motivated by hate or prejudice.…
For many years America has encountered different hate crimes. During the twentieth-century the law changed and evolved into a mechanism to protect civil rights. When race protection became the primary focus, the direction of the law changed to protect all races from discrimination. African-Americans were the primary race that was affected by racial violence from the Ku Klux Klan (Perry, 2009). This issue was very devastating and this drew a lot of attention to the Supreme Court. The changes that were made were based off the hate crimes that were present at the moment, so the Supreme Court enhanced the punishments involving hate crimes. This protected many people from being discriminated against and from any acts of racial violence. Restrictions…
The entire population is made up of a variety of different races, religions, colors, and beliefs. The gay population has also become more popular in the world today, the population that is looked down upon by the rest of society. In the texts: Second Inaugural Address by Abraham Lincoln, “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July” by Frederick Douglass, and Declaration of Sentiments by Elizabeth Cady Stanton it talks about equal rights for everyone no matter the difference of color, belief, or person you are. Even though being gay is not supported because it is stated in the bible, gays still deserve the same rights as any other person and deserve proper treatment from the rest of society, as well as protection from the law.…
Hate crime is the new rape, but unlike rape, which is colossal violation of human virtue and sanctity. When in reality a hate crime is a crime that targets the victim’s identity, for example instead of the victim’s equality as described under law. Yet according to “Hope-Fulfilling or Effectively Chilling? Reconciling the Hate Crimes Prevention Act with the First Amendment.” By Carter Coker, published by the Vanderbilt Law Review in 2011, “The powerful sense of violation that hate crime victims experience is comparable only to that of rape victims. In both situations, victims tend to experience psychological symptoms such as depression or withdrawal, as well as anxiety, feelings of helplessness, and a profound sense of isolation.” When in reality this is untrue as Jesse Larner states in his article Jesse Larner Replies, Larner replies to Michael Lieberman, a fellow journalist, “Lieberman presents the heightened emotional trauma of hate crimes as a factual matter. (The same as Coker) This is debatable. . . . In 1994, Arnold Barnes and Paul Ephross attempted to objectively measure victim trauma from bias crimes and found little difference between this kind of trauma and that of victims of other personal crimes.” He also mentions that, “Lieberman argues that bias crimes call for greater punishment than the underline physical crime for several reasons: they are often more violent than non-bias crimes; they have a unique emotional impact on the victims and they constitute intimidation of entire communities.” Where Lieberman is correct is that “greater harm demands greater penalties.”…