Health Disparities
FINAL Health Disparities
Question 1): How do past and present experiences influence gene expression susceptibility to health disparities? Give an example. Gene susceptibility can be influenced in many ways. In the past it was said that during the slave trade many died due to dehydration, vomiting, or diarrhea, which are all sicknesses due to the lack of salt intake. The survivors’ genetic makeup was the reason why they survived. The past influence of the slave trade to the survivors’ bodies was like a bottleneck effect. Their bodies learned how to hold on the salt it had. Now this adaption was passed down to later generations. This has been said to be one reason why African Americans are more susceptible to high blood pressure. In the present, genes can go under reconstruction due to diet change, which in turn develops a gene mismatch. A gene mismatch, basically a way of saying the body’s natural adaption to remaining healthy is changed due to what it endures on a daily basis like with diet, will cause chronic diseases or health concerns like hypertension. The behavioral changes make the body genome change which can be transferred to later generations. These past and present examples show how gene expressions can change and become susceptible to health disparities.
Question 2): Please explain the relationship (balance) of 2D6 and 3A4 and their relationship in the ability of a person to metabolize codeine? The relationship or balance that 2D6 and 3A4 have is that they both help in metabolizing codeine. The enzyme 2D6 has to metabolize codeine first to make it a pain relief and then 3A4 comes in after to make the medicine more effective; as well as exit the body. Both enzymes are more prone in African Americans than Caucasians.
Question 3): THE NEW IMMIGRATION. The last time the United States was ‘a nation of immigrants’ was in the period from 1880 to 1924, when some 25 million newcomers arrived on these shores. We are now in the midst of a new “fourth
Question 1): How do past and present experiences influence gene expression susceptibility to health disparities? Give an example. Gene susceptibility can be influenced in many ways. In the past it was said that during the slave trade many died due to dehydration, vomiting, or diarrhea, which are all sicknesses due to the lack of salt intake. The survivors’ genetic makeup was the reason why they survived. The past influence of the slave trade to the survivors’ bodies was like a bottleneck effect. Their bodies learned how to hold on the salt it had. Now this adaption was passed down to later generations. This has been said to be one reason why African Americans are more susceptible to high blood pressure. In the present, genes can go under reconstruction due to diet change, which in turn develops a gene mismatch. A gene mismatch, basically a way of saying the body’s natural adaption to remaining healthy is changed due to what it endures on a daily basis like with diet, will cause chronic diseases or health concerns like hypertension. The behavioral changes make the body genome change which can be transferred to later generations. These past and present examples show how gene expressions can change and become susceptible to health disparities.
Question 2): Please explain the relationship (balance) of 2D6 and 3A4 and their relationship in the ability of a person to metabolize codeine? The relationship or balance that 2D6 and 3A4 have is that they both help in metabolizing codeine. The enzyme 2D6 has to metabolize codeine first to make it a pain relief and then 3A4 comes in after to make the medicine more effective; as well as exit the body. Both enzymes are more prone in African Americans than Caucasians.
Question 3): THE NEW IMMIGRATION. The last time the United States was ‘a nation of immigrants’ was in the period from 1880 to 1924, when some 25 million newcomers arrived on these shores. We are now in the midst of a new “fourth