Chapter 18: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of a fist Location Enclosed in pericardium, a double-walled sac Pericardium Superficial fibrous pericardium Deep two-layered serous pericardium Layers of the Heart Wall Epicardium—visceral layer of the serous pericardium Myocardium Endocardium is continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels Chambers Four chambers: two atria and two ventricles Atria: The Receiving Chambers Walls are ridged by pectinate muscles Vessels entering right atrium o Superior vena cava o Inferior vena cava o Coronary sinus Vessels entering left atrium o Right and left pulmonary veins Ventricles: The Discharging Chambers Walls are ridged by trabeculae carneae Papillary muscles project into the ventricular cavities Vessel leaving the right ventricle o Pulmonary trunk Vessel leaving the left ventricle o Aorta Pathway of Blood Through the Heart The heart is two side-by-side pumps o Right side is the pump for the pulmonary circuit Vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs o Left side is the pump for the systemic circuit Vessels that carry the blood to and from all body tissues Pathway of Blood Through the Heart Right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle Right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries lungs…
The myocardium is the middle layer and finally the endocardium is the innermost. The heart is composed of different cell types which all contribute to structural, biochemical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Forming the walls of the heart are atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cells specialize in different roles. They determine the function of a tissue in the human body. Endothelial cells form the endocardium which is the interior lining of blood vessels and cardiac valves. Over 50 percent of the cells the heart contains are cardiac fibroblasts. There are also pacemaker cells and Purkinje fibers that are specialized cardiomyocytes that generate and conduct electrical impulses. The sinoatrial node is composed of some of these pacemaker cells and rests in the right atrium generating impulses to initiate contraction of the heart. Between the atria and ventricles is the antrioventricular node. It conducts electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles. If organs were comprised of just one type of cell they would only be able to carry out one task rather than multiple specific tasks. Instead, having multiple cells gives us an advantage. It allows our body to perform different and multiple kinds of functions. For…
7. The right side of the heart is separated from the left side by a muscular wall called the _____.…
• Myocadium – middle layer of heart wall, composed mainly of cardiac muscle, the layer that pumps…
images to use as references. You can use your mouse to roll over the images and click on the highlighted…
Each chamber of the heart is lined by a thin layer of smooth tissue known as the:…
Name the 3 muscle layers of the heart, give an example of where you would find these:…
1. Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue? (Points : 1)…
The left ventricle has a much thicker wall than the right ventricle because the left ventricle has to pump blood to the whole body while the right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs.…
The heart lies in the mediastinum and is surrounded by a doubled layered membrane called the pericardium. The outer most layer of the pericardium is called the fibrous pericardium, which anchors the heart to surrounding structures. The inner layer is called the serous pericardium and is composed of two layers. The outer portion is called the parietal pericardium, the inner portion is called the visceral pericardium (epicardium).…
Choose the correct answer for each question and mark it on your bubble sheet. Be careful to follow the instructions on the bubble sheet for correctly recording your answers.…
The myocardium (cardiac muscle), is the thickest section of the heart wall and contains cardiomyocytes, the contractile cell of the heart.…
Name cardiac tissue function (click the “Tissue Locations” button). Found in the wall of the heart in a muscular layer called the myocardium.…
The outer wall of the human heart is composed of three layers. The outer layer is called the epicardium, or visceral pericardium since it is also the inner wall of the pericardium. The middle layer is called the myocardium and is composed of muscle which contracts. The inner layer is called the endocardium and is in contact with the blood that the heart pumps. Also, it merges with the inner lining (endothelium) of blood vessels and covers heart valves…
One of the four heart valves is the tricuspid valve. This is located between the right ventricle and right atrium. The function of this valve is to prevent backflow of blood in the right atrium. The other valve that is located in the right ventricle is the pulmonary valve. The two valves located on the left side of the heart are the mitral and aortic valve. What prevents the valves from opening backwards is the pressure on each side of the heart. As the heart muscle contracts and relaxes, the valve opens up letting blood flow through the heart.…