Thrombocytopenia is a blood disease characterized by an abnormally low number of platelets in the bloodstream. Abnormal reductions in the number of platelets are caused when abnormalities occur in any of the following three processes: decreased platelet production by the bone marrow; increased trapping of platelets by the spleen; or a more rapid than normal destruction of platelets. People with this condition easily bruise and can have episodes of excess bleeding.…
3. Define thrombocytopenia and list the more common causes of this condition. Thrombocytopenia is the deficiency of platelets in the blood that cause bleeding into the tissues, bruising and slow blood clots after injury. Common causes are decrease in bone marrow, infection, drugs or anemia.…
underlying cause of the problem needs to be investigated. The platelet count is normal. The…
Hemophilia: hereditary disease where the blood clots slowly or abnormally (they have little to no clotting factor), causing prolonged bleeding even with minor cuts and bumps. It occurs more often in males from female to their…
Aarskog syndrome (also known as Aarskog–Scott syndrome, faciodigitogenital syndrome, shawl scrotum syndrome and faciogenital dysplasia) is a rare autosomal X-linked inherited disorder that affects a person's height, muscles, skeleton, genitals, and appearance of the face. It mostly affects at birth and the symptoms usually become apparent by the age of 3years. Unfortunately, Aarskog syndrome is a lifelong condition without a cure. Some people with Aarskog syndrome are born with more serious abnormalities, such as heart defects or a cleft lip with or without an opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate). Most males with Aarskog syndrome have a shawl scrotum, in which the scrotum surrounds the penis. Less often, they have undescended testes (cryptorchidism) or a soft out-pouching around the belly-button (umbilical hernia) or in the lower abdomen (inguinal hernia).…
Klippel–Feil syndrome is a very rare disease. It was reported for the first time in 1912 by Maurice Klippel and André Feil. It has been characterized by the fusion of any 2 of the 7 cervical vertebrae. The syndrome occurs in a heterogeneous group of patients unified only by the presence of a defect in the formation or segmentation of the spine. Klippel–Feil syndrome can be identified by shortness of the neck. Those with the syndrome have a very low hairline and the ability of the neck to move is limited or none.…
Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that was once known as Turner-like syndrome. It is a mutation of several genes where they develop proteins that are continuously active; which ends up disrupting the control of the cells growth and division resulting in abnormal developments of the body. Noonan syndrome can affect a person's physical appearance in multiple ways, along with their mental state of mind. This syndrome equally affects males and females.…
Some blood disorders can be prevented while there are others that are out of a person’s hands and have to live with a blood disorder for a life time. It is essential to know the causes of hereditary disease and know how to treat them. It is also important to know what can be done to “cure” other blood disorders and what preventive measures need to be taken in order to stop history from repeating itself. Iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia, and purpura simplex are just a few blood disorders that people suffer from that are either inherited or can be prevented.…
{draw:rect} {draw:g} {draw:frame} The Newsboys Strike takes place during the late 1800’s. During these times, working conditions for Americans in the New York area had become increasingly hazardous causing several workers to become injured on the job. Since in these times healthcare coverage was not an option for many workers, injuries often occurred and the employees of these hazardous-conditioned companies could do nothing but await their curing and hope the family might find a way to remain supported until they’d be able to continue working. For many families, this meant sending on the younger boys, sometimes as young as six and seven, into the streets to distribute these newspapers. Any revenue earned was habitually brought back to these children’s families. Once papers had been sold the cycle of child labor would repeat the following morning. This was a difficult time for many, especially younger children who in these times confronted issues such as homelessness and starvation, not to mention the lack of emotional support. Children all over New York City would wake early in the morning and follow on into their daily routines of buying papers and hoping to get a small profit to survive. Times seized to become even more difficult when Joseph Pulitzer begins to ponder on ideas of bringing in more money. “There’s more money out there in those streets, and I want to know how I can make more of it”. In his money-hungry words one can truly view his desperation to accumulate more money despite having to go to the extreme to retrieve this. After deliberating a few ideas on how to accumulate more money, both Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst decide to team upand profit together instead of constantly competing to gain profits. They would then proceed to raising the price of newspapers, believing that the “Newsies“ had no other option but to accept this harsh fact and try even harder to sell their “Papes” .This is a great example of Oligopoly in the area due…
Mostly everyone in the world has heard of some type of genetic disorder. But most people haven’t even heard or understand about Noonan Syndrome. Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delay, learning difficulties, short stature, congenital heart disease, renal anomalies, and bleeding difficulties. Noonan syndrome affects a good percent of the world and may happen to anyone. Noonan syndrome has many key symptoms and very few certain treatment options. Noonan syndrome used to be referred to as the male version of Turner's syndrome (and is still sometimes described in this way); however, the genetic causes of Noonan syndrome and Turner syndrome are distinct. The principal features of Noonan disorder include congenital heart defect (typically pulmonary valve stenosis) also ASD, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, short stature, learning problems, pectus excavatum, impaired blood clotting, and a characteristic configuration of facial features including a webbed neck and a flat nose bridge. The syndrome is named after Dr. Jacqueline Noonan. Mutations that cause Noonan syndrome alter genes encoding proteins with roles in the RAS-MAPK pathway, leading to pathway deregulation. Noonan syndrome is a relatively common genetic disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 1000 to 1 in 2500 births.…
DiGeorge syndrome is an anomaly that occurs when the 22q11.2 chromosome has been deleted, causing many different symptoms in various parts of the body. Those affected by DiGeorge syndrome often display signs of heart disease and defect at birth, presence of "cleft" palate (opening in the roof of the mouth), learning disorders, autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis), hypocalcaemia (low presence of calcium in blood), speech disabilities, and sometimes growth disorders. This syndrome is not explicitly fatal, but cardiac disorders caused by the DiGeorge syndrome are its greatest cause of mortality. Diseases contracted from severe immunity deficiency can also lead to death. It has…
Prader-Willi syndrome, (PWS) is a genetic disorder that occurs in about one in every eight thousand births in the United States. PWS occurs when there is a defect or deletion in the fifteenth chromosome from either maternal or paternal origins. Individuals diagnosed with PWS need enhanced supervision to address the constant need to over eat. Current research identifies that the paternal chromosome presents with significant maladaptive behaviors. Behavioral issues commonly known to the disorder differ dependent on the origin of the parental chromosome. Obesity, physical aggression, temper tantrums, ritualistic behaviors, stubbornness, and self- injurious behavior (skin picking), along with other maladaptive behaviors are all characteristic of individuals with PWS. Due to an increased awareness, and accurate and reliable genetic testing, diagnosis of PWS occurs earlier than in the past. Recommendations for conducting assessments, applying behavior management strategies, and environmental adaptations are all supported by research in managing behaviors among individuals with PWS regardless of the origins.…
This paper will examine the history of the “War on Drugs” and the racial and sentencing disparities that have resulted because of it. In the House of Representatives a new bill was introduced on January 7, 2009. Policy number H.R.265, was cited as “Drug Sentencing reform and Cocaine Kingpin Trafficking Act of 2009. The never ending drug trade and the policies that try to limit it, have far-reaching impacts in the United States and other countries. Over the last twenty years, U.S. politicians have responded to mounting drug abuse at the local and national levels with increasingly unjustly legislation. Cooperatively, these measures have become known as the ‘War on Drugs’. In the United States, these policies have focused on the link between drug, gang activity, and crime, emphasizing punishment over treatment. Mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses have been put in place, leading to an explosion in the number of people incarcerated nationwide. Racial disparities in drug sentencing, particularly in crack vs. powder cocaine offenses, also stem from the ‘War on Drugs’ policy. The War on Drugs is a prevention campaign that was established by the United States Government with the aid of participating countries, with the intention of reducing illegal drug trade. This initiative includes a set of laws and policies that are intended to discourage the manufacturing and distribution of illegal substances. The term was first used by then President Richard Nixon in 1969. In June of, Nixon officially declares a "war on drugs," identifying drug abuse as public enemy No. 1. Then in October of 1986 President Ronald Reagan signed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of, which appropriated $1.7 billion to fight the drug war. The bill also created mandatory minimum penalties for drug offenses, which are criticized for promoting…
Thalassemia is a group of related blood disorders that cause abnormal hemoglobin production. It is a genetic disorder that is recessive; therefore both parents must be carriers to pass on the disorder in its major form. Thalassemia is categorized into two types, major and minor. Individuals suffering from the major form, tend to need frequent blood transfusions in order to survive. (Garrison & Peterson ) Other names for Thalassemia disorders are: Mediterranean Anemia, Sickle Cell Anemia, and Cooley’s anemia (named after the first…
Dysexecutive Syndrome occurs when there is a loss of executive brain function. The term was first coined by Alan Baddeley and may result from physical trauma such as a blow to the head, a stroke or other internal trauma. Executive brain function, which includes insight, judgment, planning and initiative, makes it possible for humans to successfully manage the problems of everyday life. These functions allow individuals to carefully navigate day to day activities, make certain decisions, while evaluating the outcome, and plan accordingly. Loss of executive function occurs as a result of brain disease, injury, intellectual disability or psychiatric disorders. The loss of executive function may be permanent as a result of Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, schizophrenia or massive head injury. Temporary loss may result from delirium, physical illness or intoxication. While the syndrome manifests itself in various ways, it is mainly apparent from the “afflicted person’s prior personality, life experiences and intellect”(Royal Hobart Hospital Department of Health and Human Services ). Dysexecutive Syndrome was once thought to be associated with frontal lobe syndrome. However, researchers have come to realize that this syndrome may occur as a result of impairment to other parts of the brain and not just the frontal lobe.…