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Hispanic Struggles in American Schools

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Hispanic Struggles in American Schools
Challenges Faced by Hispanic Students in American Schools and How Schools Can Address Identified Needs

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Abstract The United States Hispanic population continues to increase each year. In turn, school populations of Hispanics increase as well. Hispanics, although improving academically, continue to have high school dropout rates, higher than other racial and ethnic groups and continue to lag behind school peers. The discrepancy between Hispanic students and other students’ achievement is the result of many factors, including acculturalization, language acquisition, poverty, and school factors. Schools must understand the challenges of Hispanics and address the Hispanic students’ population through thoughtful interventions. The Bilingual Education Act (1968) set guidelines for state and local government to follow to ensure that English Language Learners (ELLs) do not continue to be left behind academically, linguistically, or socially. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 also holds schools accountable for ensuring that all students achieve mastery in reading and math. It is imperative that schools understand the challenges Hispanics face in order to meet their needs. Keywords: dual language learners, English language learners, limited-English proficient students
Challenges Faced by Hispanic Youth in American Schools and Schools Responsibilities to Addressing Identified Needs The Hispanic population continues to grow and exceed other races and nationalities of people in the United States. Public schools receive the influx of Latinos, Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and Mexicans. These second language learners join the school system, but they are accompanied by struggles and challenges beyond the monolingual students. Research shows that second language learners are academically behind their counterparts in the areas of



References: Aud, S., Fox, M., and KewalRamani, A. (2010). Status and trends in the education of racial and ethnic groups. NCES Report. Report prepared for the U.S. Department of Education. Creighton, D. (1997). Critical literacy in the elementary classroom. Language Arts. 74, 439-. Cumming-Potvin, W., Renshaw, P, and Kraayenoord, C. (2003). Scaffolding and bilingual shared reading experiences: promoting primary school students’ learning and development. Australia Journal of Language and Literacy, 26, 54-68. Duvall, H. (2011). New report on Hispanic student achievement shows stark realities and challenges. Council of the Great City Schools. Retrieved from www.cgcs.org. Fry, R. (2003). Hispanic youth dropping out of U.S. schools: measuring the challenge. The Pew Hispanic Center. Washington, DC. Garcia, E. (1991). The linguistically and culturally diverse students: effective instructional practices. Report prepared for Center for Research on Education Diversity and Excellence. Harklau, L. (2002). The role of writing in classroom second language acquisition. Journal of Second Language Writing. 11, 329-350. Hunter, J. (1997). Multiple perceptions: social identity in a multilingual elementary classroom. 31, 603-611. doi. 10.2307/3587844. McGlynn, P. (2001). Hispanic girls most likely to drop out and stay out: mixed messages and discrepant expectations faulted. The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education, 12, 30-. “Hispanic students face unique challenges,” (2007). NEA report says.” National Education Association. Padron, Y., Waxman, H., and Rivera, H. (2002). Educating Hispanic students: obstacles and avenues to Improved academic achievement. University of Houston Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence, Educational Practice Report No 8. Slavit, G. & Wenger, K. (2006). Teaching in the margins: the multifaceted work and struggles of bilingual paraeducators. Anthropology and Education Quarterly. 37, 62-82.

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