History 101

History 101
Study Guide for Exam III
Early Rome
Etruscan
Etruria
Herodotus
Lemnean Theory
Tarquinia
Caere
Necropolis
Fasces: form of power gladiator needs to have when they are fighting
Gladiator: sports and entertainment; warriors
Tinia
Uni
Menerva
arx
Cardo: north south
Decumanus : east west toga Romulus
Remus
Sabines: used party as form of distraction to distract sabines women and conquer the men.
Tarquin (Rex) ( title for king): form of monarchy
Kings.
Estrucian dynasty began with the tarquin
Romans never liked tarquins.
Latium:
Numa Pompilius: king of religion from 716 B.C. to 673 B.C.
Monarch for religion
Tullius Hostilius : monarch for political institution
Invented commoners (comitia curiata)
Invented economy
673-642
Ancus Martius: invented military
642-617
Monarch for military

Tarquinius Priscus
Tarquinnius og Jupitar Optimus max;
617-579
Servius Tullius
Expanded the city of Rome
579-535
Tarquin Supurbus
Rape of Lucretia
535-510
Patricians
Father
Plebians
Ordinary people
Equestrians
People between patricians and plebians

Political Organization I. Monarchy II. Oligarchy (Republic) Rex - - - - - - - > Cursus Honorum* Senate - - - - - - > Senate Comitia Curiata - -> Comitia Centuriata (People's Assembly) Comitia Tributa (Tribal Assembly) * Aedile -> Questor - > Praetor - > Consul Dictator Censor Tribune
Religion
Pontifex Maximus: highest chief priest
Elected for life
Pontifs
Priest
Presides over sacrfices
Luperces
Wolfman
Responsible for the festivals of lupercalia
February 14
Vestal Virgins
Highly esteemed women
Authority
Appointed for life
Serve for thirty years
Jupiter
King of all gods
God of thunder and lightning
Juno
God of marriage and child bearing
Minerva
God of wisdom
Venus
God of love pater familias father of family
Vesta
God of hearth
Apollo
God of sun
Mars
God of War
Neptune
God of sea
Mercury
Messenger god with wings on his feet
Pluto
God of underworld
Bacchus
God of wine
Ceres
God of agriculture
Vulcan
God if blacksmith
Diana
God of moon
Female huntress
Mos Maiorum
The way of the elder

manus power over other people
Fas
It can be done ne fas it cannot be done lares fields, crops, tools

Penates
Household gods

Virtus
Virtues
Strong healthy body
Serves for country
Pietas
Loyal , reverence, obedience
Fides
Faith
Gravitasra
gravity

Constantia constant Dignitas dignity Auctoritas
Authority `
Imperialism
Rome
Wipe of territory
Latium
Etruria
Magna Graecia
Carthage
Punic Wars
Sicily
Corsica
Sardinia
Spain
Macedonian Wars
Corinth
Asia Minor
Pergamum
Syria/Palestine
Gaul
Egypt
Britain
Mesopotamia
Dacia

Roman Revolution/Civil War
Optimates:
Under the senates
Best men
Old politicians
Populares
Under the senates
People party
Most people want them because they are young

Tiberius Gracchus:
Elected tribune
Drafts bill for urban unemployment
Made Law placed on restriction on number of acres(150-300acres) Gaius Gracchus: elected tribune
He was a moderate man
Wanted revenge for the killing of Tiberius Gracchus
Lex Frumentaria:Cor n law made under Gaius Gracchus

Equestrian:wealthy plesbians that want access to Senate
Latifundia: plantations, great landed estate for ancient Romans.
Numidia: A kingdom in North Africa at 112BC, when the King died, he left his kingdom to his three sons…
Jugurtha: …he killed his two brothers inorder to be in control
Marius: leader of the senate that helped in defeating Jugurtha
Sulla: he was the hope of the Optimates.. He fought with Marius and won… Senate illegally named him dictator…
Battle of Actium: battle between Octavian and Mark Anthony(with his wife, Cleopatra)
Octavian won, both Cleopatra and Anthony committed suicide
1st Triumvirate = Crassus Pompey Julius Caesar (winner): he defeated Pompey. He met Pharaoh Cleopatra(a female king) in Egypt and had a son Ceasarion. His carefree attitude led his death
2nd Triumvirate = Mark Antony Octavian (winner): Julius Caesar grand-nephew/adopted son. Julius made him his heir(this made Mark Anthony jealous) Lepidus
Augustan Age
Augustus: title of reverence (power of Octavian)
Imperator: unrestricted right to make war/peace (power of Octavian)
Princeps: Octavian ruled as a prince meaning (leading citizen)
Proconsul: Octavian Had the control of key provinces (one of his title)
Pater Patriae: father of his country
Divi Filius: son of a god)
Praetorian Guard:personal bodyguards
Virgil: a poet whom published “the Eclogues” his most famous work…
Livy: historian who wrote 142 books, the virtues of Rome
Horace: a poet that was a son of a slave.. wrote satires(sarcastic) and odes(proper morality& patriotism)
Ovid: poet that wrote about love (Augustus hated him) Augustus banished him to the black sea…
Livia: mother of Tiberius Caeser whom planned the assassinations of Octavian designated heirs) so that his son can be the king
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
Augustus Tiberius Sejanus Caligula Claudius Nero
Flavian Dynasty: second dynasty to rule rome.
Vespasian: commander of army Titus: son of Vespasian; died young; Domitian: younger brother of titus
Five Good Emperors - Antonines
Nerva
Trajan
Hadrian
Antinous
Tivoli
Pantheon
Hadrians Wall
Antoninus Pius
Marcus Aurelius
Commodus

Severan Dynasty
Septimium Septus Caracalla Geta Elagabalas Severus Alexander
Barracks Room Emperors
Diocletian
Tetrarchy
Augusti
Caesars
Proskynesis
Constantine
Constantinople
Arcadius
Honorius
Goths
Visigoths
Ostrogoths
Vandals
Angles
Saxons
Jutes
Danes
Burgundians
Romulus Augustus
Odovacar
Islam
Islam
Muslim
Allah
Mohammad
Arabia
Mecca
Ka'aba
Quarysh
Abu Bakr
Caliph
Higira
Koran
Monotheism
Pillars of Faith
Umma
Ulema
Sunna
Jihad
Baghdad
Medina
Africa
Sahara
Sudan
Savanna
Hamitic
Bantu
Berbers
Pygmy
Khoisan
Nok
Kush
Meroe
Axum
Ghana
Mali
Mandigoes
Timbuktu
Sundiata
Mansa Musa
Zimbabwe
Mutapa
Possible Essay Questions:
1. When did the decline of the Roman Empire begin?
The decline of the roman empire occurred in 476 AD when it was sacked by the osigoths and they king Odoacer , when the final roman empire of the west , Romulkus Agustus committed suicide at age 14. The eastern roman empire techinically did not fall until 1453 when it was attach by ottoman turk.
2. What were the traditional "republican values" and how did they contribute to Rome's rise to greatness?
3. What effect did the careers of men like Marius, Sulla, and Julius Caesar have on the Republic?
4. List some of the contributions of the Etruscans to the Romans.

5. In what ways are Roman civilization and modern America similar?
6. Which factors contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire?
7. Did Augustus restore the Republic? Were the people of Rome better off during the Augustan Age or during the Republic?
8. What was the Roman Revolution: what were its causes?
9. What were some of the social/economic consequences of Roman expansion.
10. How was Roman society organized? What social changes took place over time? Describe Roman family life.
11. Describe Roman religion in detail.
12. What was the Praetorian Guard and what was their impact on Rome?
13. Give the background of Mohammad's life and teachings as the groundwork for the Koran and the Muslim faith. What are the Pillars of Faith?
14. Trace the spread of Islam in the Near East, Mediterranean, Europe and Africa.
15. Describe the movement of peoples around the African continent. What influenced their movement (ie. religion, trade, agriculture, etc)?