History
WILLIAM BARRON – YEAR 12 – ANCIENT HISTORY
GREECE: SPARTAN SOCIETY TO THE BATTLE OF LEUCTRA 371 BC
(25 MARKS)
NOTES;
(A) What was the ephorate?
Members of the government who kept watch over the actions of the kings an assembly.
Spartan magistrates, elected by the citizens. Provided over meetings and were responsible for execution of decrees.
They held and shared great power with the kings.
They did not have to knell before the kings, and the citizens held them in high esteem.
(B) What does the writing of Tyrtaeus indicate about society in this period?
Tyrtaeus was a Spartan poet who wrote songs to inspire and boost the morale of the Spartan army. It showed that Sparta was very much against cowardice and wanted their army to be strong and remain loyal to Sparta during the wars.
During this period of war their was a great deal of redistribution of the land which resulted in change in status for some of the richer citizens.
EXAMPLE OF ONE OF HIS POEMS:
Tyrtaeus also wrote about Spartan government affairs. Poetic style
The three longest fragments of surviving verse (fr. 10–12) are complete or virtually complete poems describing the ideal warrior and the disgrace or glory that attends his personal choices. Their poetic quality is uneven, they include some arresting imagery and there are some clumsy transitions, repetitions and padding.[39] The following lines belong to one of these (fr. 11, lines 27–34, here referred to as lines 1–8) and they give a compelling picture of battle between hoplite forces.[40] ἔρδων δ' ὄβριμα ἔργα διδασκέσθω πολεμίζειν, μηδ' ἐκτὸς βελέων ἑστάτω ἀσπίδ' ἔχων, ἀλλά τις ἐγγὺς ἰὼν αὐτοσχεδὸν ἔγχει μακρῷ ἢ ξίφει οὐτάζων δήιον ἄνδρ' ἑλέτω, καὶ πόδα πὰρ ποδὶ θεὶς καὶ ἐπ' ἀσπίδος ἀσπίδ' ἐρείσας, ἐν δὲ λόφον τε λόφῳ καὶ κυνέην κυνέῃ καὶ στέρνον στέρνῳ πεπλημένος ἀνδρὶ μαχέσθω, ἢ ξίφεος κώπην ἢ δόρυ μακρὸν ἑλών.[41]
Paraphrased to retain the form of an elegy:
Let a man learn how to fight by first
GREECE: SPARTAN SOCIETY TO THE BATTLE OF LEUCTRA 371 BC
(25 MARKS)
NOTES;
(A) What was the ephorate?
Members of the government who kept watch over the actions of the kings an assembly.
Spartan magistrates, elected by the citizens. Provided over meetings and were responsible for execution of decrees.
They held and shared great power with the kings.
They did not have to knell before the kings, and the citizens held them in high esteem.
(B) What does the writing of Tyrtaeus indicate about society in this period?
Tyrtaeus was a Spartan poet who wrote songs to inspire and boost the morale of the Spartan army. It showed that Sparta was very much against cowardice and wanted their army to be strong and remain loyal to Sparta during the wars.
During this period of war their was a great deal of redistribution of the land which resulted in change in status for some of the richer citizens.
EXAMPLE OF ONE OF HIS POEMS:
Tyrtaeus also wrote about Spartan government affairs. Poetic style
The three longest fragments of surviving verse (fr. 10–12) are complete or virtually complete poems describing the ideal warrior and the disgrace or glory that attends his personal choices. Their poetic quality is uneven, they include some arresting imagery and there are some clumsy transitions, repetitions and padding.[39] The following lines belong to one of these (fr. 11, lines 27–34, here referred to as lines 1–8) and they give a compelling picture of battle between hoplite forces.[40] ἔρδων δ' ὄβριμα ἔργα διδασκέσθω πολεμίζειν, μηδ' ἐκτὸς βελέων ἑστάτω ἀσπίδ' ἔχων, ἀλλά τις ἐγγὺς ἰὼν αὐτοσχεδὸν ἔγχει μακρῷ ἢ ξίφει οὐτάζων δήιον ἄνδρ' ἑλέτω, καὶ πόδα πὰρ ποδὶ θεὶς καὶ ἐπ' ἀσπίδος ἀσπίδ' ἐρείσας, ἐν δὲ λόφον τε λόφῳ καὶ κυνέην κυνέῃ καὶ στέρνον στέρνῳ πεπλημένος ἀνδρὶ μαχέσθω, ἢ ξίφεος κώπην ἢ δόρυ μακρὸν ἑλών.[41]
Paraphrased to retain the form of an elegy:
Let a man learn how to fight by first