History: Marriage and Age Time Women

The women's lives, roles, and statuses
Michelle Shepard
His 103 World Civilizations 1
Instructor: Jill Walsh
March 25, 2013

Women's lives, roles, and statuses changed over various early world history eras and culture areas in many ways, are comparative perspective, marriage/ divorce, education, and military, and it is amazing how the change in women since the stone age time women have been behind and were uneducated and the women stay at home and took care of the children, and the women would go out in the field and pick fruit, nut, and melon and also gather the wild grains. And the women made the shark sticks and there on bags which the women use to pick the fruit, nuts, and melon they also collect edible roots, bugs and termites. When the husband were out hunting the women are put in charge of their family, and the women were the one who did the healing of masses, which they serve as the peasant population. The women also support themselves and their family. The women had little income option available to them so the women started practice healer art and midwife this is how they earn money and with this healing skills the women past it down to their daughter the husband thought that their wives only stay at home, but in their spare time these women were inventing things, and going to school to get a better education for themselves. But in those days no matter what women did she would never be equal in a man's eye. Men also did not what to give the women credit for learning how to make tools, cook, or even fix things, but as time passed women became more independent and they did not what to stay at home any more they want to be equal to men. “In the study’s Muslim countries of the middle east a much smaller percentage of women are employed outside their home, and they earn less than 40 percent of their male counterparts. In Israel, women make up about half of the labor force working mostly as teachers, nurses, and social workers and earn 80 percent of male earnings” ( Hepburn, Simon, 2006). Most of these women throughout history have made some kind of impact or significant role in society and women of the ancient civilization has led women’s to society today. They boosted women standards in society while try to make them an individual, but some women were still being control by their husband and some were being moderately control by their husband. For instance the women in Greece father and brother are still arranging their women marriage, and the groom has to be a distant relative, but the husband still have to paid for the bride. It is common for a dowry to be given. The wedding ceremony is where a procession that take the bride from her home and place her in the home of her new husband were the marriage is consummated. The Roman wedding, in the middle age and Byzantium wedding are similar. All two of these countries, the father would choose the groom and dowry is paid. Women went from being authority by their father to being authority by her husband who would have a huge church ceremony and party with the entire guest after the ceremony. Egypt is the only one were marriage are not arranged. In Egypt the men and women are actually in love with each other, and marriage is a natural thing for all of the class of people. In Egypt love, marriage is a big emotional thing and support. Egyptian also loves their children and they do not treat them like they are worker they are treated like human being. " Love marriage is more observed than the arranged one in western cultures, where people have the choices between love and arranged marriages they could convert an intend arranged marriage into a love one. In poor countries, especially in remote rural areas, arranged marriage is still common. Many people get married with little love or even hardly knowing their spouses" (Liu, 2007). There was a huge change for woman of the middle age to the renaissance in fact some of the changes were started to decline and some were changing less of an uplifting change. But now the women were being viewed in the renaissance time, they took a big decline in the social status in the Middle Ages. With this aspect it contributed very heavily to the women in the renaissance, marriage and it is extremely typical or similar, especially for marriage women. Women also had to take a “backseat” and let their husband do all the work. With the men still in control and doing all the decision making while the women are being inferior to their husband. The women still had to be obedience to their husbands, by refrain from doing anything to upset or make their husband mad, and by being obedience and obey all of his command. Women have being live their whole life being control by their husband, and by their father ever since they were children. Another role that women contributed to the renaissance life. Women were also view on their weight and how they look most women were commended on having a great personality. “Clothes and appearance are a deeply rooted in politics at all levels from that of the state to the grass. Clothes can be used to protect, assimilate, and or pass in an attempt to negotiate various situations. Dressing can also serve as a "mean of authenticating social categories legitimating and contesting authority" (O'Neil, 2010). The women personality and appearance also play a huge role in their physical appearance. Women's lives in the 19th century and revolutionary period has changed for the greater good. Laws, religion, the revolution has changed and influenced women's role and relationships with their family and in society. The women in the 1776 century these women were introduce to life, liberty, and happiness. The American colonial now have control over their own lives. In the 19th century things started to change little by little and in 1776 you have very little divorces. By the time we reached the 18th century the laws were started to change women did not involve themselves in commercial transaction or local politics when a women want to get a divorce she was banished from her family. " In the Muslim countries, men may divorce without citing any reason, but in Egypt they had passed a law on divorce which passed in 2000 that allow women to obtain a divorce without proof of abuse" ( Hepburn, Simon, 2006). But by the 19th century many state had passed the law control over their wage, and possessions. Women found out the more education they had the more freedom they had . The Persian women also brought more to the marriage them the husband did. “The United States has the highest divorces rates in the world: 10.8 percent for women and 8.6 for men. As of march 2003, divorce became legal in Chile. No-fault divorce is the divorce law in Britain, Ireland, France, Sweden, the United States, Canada, and Hungary most of these countries require a 12 month separation period before the divorce is granted." (Hepburn, Simon, 2006). Women live in the 19th century has change for the good, laws religion, and the economy influenced women's roles and relationship in their family and in society. But even though women have attaining jobs in school their leadership has increased, but women still cannot fill administrative position compared to men. Most women still have barrier to face in entering or moving up to the leadership hierarchy. When we look at the different between men and women we re-think education leadership theories and explore the impact of cultural and belief system. Let discuss education leadership and practices are influenced by culture and belief system the Muslim women first priority is to take care of their family first before they can go out and get a job they must make sure that their family responsibility, decisions and action do not brought any shame to their family. “In the study's Muslim countries of the middle East, a much smaller percentage of women are employed outside their homes and they earn less than 40 percent of their male counterparts."(Hepburn, Simon, 2006). The Mesopotamian and Roman were different in all ways. The Paleolithic treated there women with equally rights, but Neolithic women were treated pretty fair, most of the women did not act like they were an individual outside of their family but the ones who did act outside of their family were wives of husband who had power or came from royalty. Then you had those women who was not treated fairly they were treated as if they were not a citizen “law forbade women and children from participation in political judicial, and military affairs." (Mahdavi, 2012). Women have being serving in the military for over 400 years all throughout the nation and culture. Women has played a hug role in the military started with the women of ancient warrior to the women who are currently serving in the war today even though the majority of all combatants has been men in all culture. All though women are serving in the military it has been a hug problem even though most of the women have fought alongside men. In the American civil war you have women who cross dress like men so they could fight. Fighting in the war was not the only way women was involved in the war. Some of the women were nurses or aides. All though women had limited roles in the armies, most of the women in the military particularly the combat are still a problem just recently women were given more prominent role in the armed forces. With the increasing number of countries started to expand the role of women in the military. “Toward a variety of roles that women may serve in the military. Respondents were queried whether a woman “should or should not” serve in the following military jobs: jet fighter pilot, truck mechanic, nurse in a combat zone, typist in the pentagon and etc.” (Matthews, 2009). The role of women in combat has become a particularly contentious issue in contemporary militaries throughout the world. With the current exclusion of women from many combat roles seen by some as a form of sexual discrimination, which is an ongoing debate. In 1970s the western armies started to let women serve active duty, but only a few was let women fill active combat roles. In 2011 and 2012 the U.S. start to loosen it ban and let women serve in combat and ground combat as opposed to non-combat position in 2013, the United State overturned it ruling in 1994 which banned women from serving in the army and on certain job, which potentially cleared the way for women to serve on the front-line. “Thirty years have passed since the first class of women cadets entered the United States service academies- the premier source of career officers. At the United States Military Academy (west point), women now comprise 15% of each entering class. They are fully integrated into the Corps of Cadets, holding important leadership positions including First Captain, the highest cadet rank at West Point. The West Point women, like their male counterparts, are commissioned as second lieutenants and enter the active duty army where they begin their careers as army leaders, often in the difficult circumstances of Iraq or Afghanistan.” (Matthews,2009).
The changing roles of women had a profound effect on the atmosphere of society, the movements of labor, rights, and domestic reformation. These changes set the framework for many other efforts in future. Through the changes that these women achieved, future goal were realized and the progression towards total gender equality was made substantially more evident.

REFERENCE

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Gould, P. 2008. “Civil Society and Public Women Journal of The Early Republic 28, No.1.29-46 Literary reference.
Liu, X. (2007). Optimal Dynamic Path of Effort on Marriage: Differences between Arranged and Love Marriages. Applied Economics Letters. 14(1-3),49-52.
Hepburn, S. & Simon, R. J. (2006) Women’s Roles and Statuses the World over. Gender Issues, 23(2),62-68.
Matthew ,M. Ender, M. Laurence, J. & Rohall, D. 2009 Role of Group Affiliation and Gender on Attitudes Toward Women in the Military. Military Psychology, 21(2),241-251.