History Of Ancient Egypt

Preface: This is going to be a on the general history of ancient Egypt. Including a bit on their early start and the fall of ancient Egypt. Thanks for reading this paper, and without further adieu, enjoy.

For much of it's history,the Nile has been and still is a lifeline of human life in Egypt,and likely will continue to be. The Nile's fertile floodplain has given humans a chance to develop into a centralized and sophisticated society with a stable economy based majorly on agriculture. Nomadic hunter gatherers began inhabiting the Nile valley through the end of the Middle Pleistocene, roughly 120,000 years ago. By the late Paleolithic period, the already arid climate of Northern Africa started to dry out and heat up, forcing the inhabitants
The third-century B.C. priest Manetho sorted the long line of pharohs from Menes to his own time into 30 dynasties. He decided to start his history with the king named Meni who was believed to have united the two sections of Egypt,these sections being northern and southern Egypt. The transition to a unified state happened slower than the Egyptian writers said,and there is no contemporary record of Menes. Some scholars think that Menes could have been the Pharaoh Narmer, who was depicted wearing royal regalia on the Narmer Palette, in a symbolic act of unification. During the Early Dynastic Period about 3150 B.C., the earliest of the Dynastic pharaohs solidified their rule over lower Egypt by establishing a capital, which was located at Memphis, from which he could control the labor force, agriculture, and trade routes to the Levant. This strong rule and institution of kingship served to legitimize state control over the land's resources which were crucial to
The regional rulers lacked the support and assistance from the pharaoh, this combined with food shortages and political squabbles quickly evolved into miniature civil wars and famine. Despite all the challenges that these local rulers were faced with, they still were able to use their freedom to establish a thriving group of people in the provinces. The new found control over their own resources led to the provinces to become quite wealthy. Free from their loyalties to the centralized government and pharaoh, the local rulers began to fight for political influence and territory. By 2,160 B.C., rulers in Herakleopolis had control over Lower Egypt, while a rival culture based in Thebes, the Intef clan, had taken control over the upper section of southern Egypt. As the power of the Intefs grew, they had started expanding towards the north, where the two clans would eventually clash. Sometime around 2,055 B.C. the northern Theban forces controlled by Nebhepetre Mentuhotep the second defeated the rival clan of Herakleopolitan, unifying the land once again. And so the Middle Kingdom began,restoring stability to Ancient