One thing that makes human culture possible is the language, not thought. We cannot form a precise though without the power of words. Surely, we can relay on pictures, but language is the tool that will help the idea construct more completely, precisely, with more detail and finesse.
Animals communicate, but their way of communication is based on cries consisted of limited number of symbols which have general meaning.
Example:
In case of danger:
- A human with the help of words can specify the problem methodically saying what the problem is, how it happened, where it came from…
- An animal (bird) can only cry that there is danger, but no more
Therefore, the language of the animals lacks structure.
What is a language?
A language is a signaling system that allows us to communicate and expand our ideas.
A language uses signals that may be oral and written.
It is common to use facial expressions and gestures in oral language.
Vocal Sounds
How do we create sounds? It starts with the vocal cords. Vocal cords are one of the speech organs that modify the flow of breath. They are placed in the larynx and have a lip like structure. They modify the breath stream by adjusting these lips to various positions (from fully open (the air passage is unobstructed) to fully closed (the air passage is completely blocked)). The closer the vocal cords are, the more they vibrate. Sounds created in this manner are called voiced, whereas sounds created while the vocal cords are fully open are called voiceless.
From there the flow of breath is modified with the lips, the nose, or both.
The quality of the vowel is determined by the position of the tongue. Depending where the tongue is, different vowels are produced.
RP or Received Pronunciation is a pronunciation used by the people in South of England who have been educated at public schools.
Vowels are divided concerning their length also. They can be short or long. It