History of Malaysia
A SHORT HISTORY OF
MALAYSIA
Short History of Asia Series Series Editor: Milton Osborne Milton Osborne has had an association with the Asian region for over 40 years as an academic, public servant and independent writer. He is the author of eight books on Asian topics, including Southeast Asia: An Introductory History, first published in 1979 and now in its eighth edition, and, most recently, The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future, published in 2000.
First published in 2003 by Allen & Unwin Copyright © Virginia Matheson Hooker 2003 Maps by Ian Faulkner All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10 per cent of this book, whichever is the greater, to be photocopied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. Allen & Unwin 83 Alexander Street Crows Nest NSW 2065 Australia Phone: (61 2) 8425 0100 Fax: (61 2) 9906 2218 Email: info@allenandunwin.com Web: www.allenandunwin.com National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Hooker, Virginia Matheson, 1946- . Short History of Malaysia : linking east and west. Includes index. ISBN 1 86448 955 3 1. Malaysia – History. I. Title. 959.5 Set in 11/14 pt Goudy by Midland Typesetters, Maryborough, Victoria Printed by South Wind Production, Singapore 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
For Max, Elizabeth and Jamie And in memory of John Iremonger
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments Preface Abbreviations Maps 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Malaysia as history Peopling Malaysia Networks of power and exchange Melaka: a
MALAYSIA
Short History of Asia Series Series Editor: Milton Osborne Milton Osborne has had an association with the Asian region for over 40 years as an academic, public servant and independent writer. He is the author of eight books on Asian topics, including Southeast Asia: An Introductory History, first published in 1979 and now in its eighth edition, and, most recently, The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future, published in 2000.
First published in 2003 by Allen & Unwin Copyright © Virginia Matheson Hooker 2003 Maps by Ian Faulkner All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10 per cent of this book, whichever is the greater, to be photocopied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. Allen & Unwin 83 Alexander Street Crows Nest NSW 2065 Australia Phone: (61 2) 8425 0100 Fax: (61 2) 9906 2218 Email: info@allenandunwin.com Web: www.allenandunwin.com National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Hooker, Virginia Matheson, 1946- . Short History of Malaysia : linking east and west. Includes index. ISBN 1 86448 955 3 1. Malaysia – History. I. Title. 959.5 Set in 11/14 pt Goudy by Midland Typesetters, Maryborough, Victoria Printed by South Wind Production, Singapore 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
For Max, Elizabeth and Jamie And in memory of John Iremonger
This page intentionally left blank
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments Preface Abbreviations Maps 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Malaysia as history Peopling Malaysia Networks of power and exchange Melaka: a