History Of Truganini
, including Truganini, were moved to a settlement at Oyster Cove, south of Hobart.[8] According to The Times newspaper, quoting a report issued by the Colonial Office, by 1861 the number of survivors at Oyster Cove was only fourteen: "...14 persons, all adults, aboriginals of Tasmania, who are the sole surviving remnant of ten tribes. Nine of these persons are women and five are men. There are among them four married couples, and four of the men and five of the women are under 45 years of age, but no children have been born to them for years. It is considered difficult to account for this... Besides these 14 persons there is a native woman who is married to a white man, and who has a son, a fine healthy-looking child..." The article, headed ‘Decay of Race’, adds that although the survivors enjoyed generally good
…show more content…
health and still made hunting trips to the bush during the season, after first asking "leave to go", they were now "fed, housed and clothed at public expense" and "much addicted to drinking".[9]
Final years and legacy[edit]
Oral histories of Truganini report that after arriving in the new settlement of Melbourne and disengaging with Robinson, she had a child named Louisa Esmai with John Shugnow or Strugnell at Point Nepean in Victoria. Further, Truganini was from the bloodlines of Victoria's Kulin Nation tribes. Indeed, they hid the child from authorities hunting Truganini. After Truganini was captured and exiled, her daughter Louisa was raised in the Kulin Nation. Louisa married John Briggs and supervised the orphanage at Coranderrk Aboriginal Reserve when it was managed by Wurundjeri leaders including Simon Wonga and William Barak.[10][a] According to a report in The Times she later married a Tasmanian known as "King Billy" who died in March 1869.[2] By 1873, Truganini was the sole survivor of the Oyster Cove group, and was again moved to Hobart. She died three years later and was buried at the former Female Factory at Cascades, a suburb of Hobart.
Prior to her death Truganini had pleaded to colonial authorities for a respectful burial, and requested that her ashes be scattered in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel. She feared that her body would be dissected and analyzed for scientific purposes as Aboriginal Tasmanian Wiliam Lenne's body had been.[12] Despite her wishes, within two years, her skeleton was exhumed by the Royal Society of Tasmania and later placed on display.[13] Only in April 1976, approaching the centenary of her death, were Truganini's remains finally cremated and scattered according to her wishes.[14][15]
Truganini is often considered to be the last full-blood speaker of a Tasmanian language.[16] However, The Companion to Tasmanian History details three full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal women, Sal, Suke and Betty, who lived on Kangaroo Island in South Australia in the late 1870s and "all three outlived Truganini". There were also Tasmanian Aboriginals living on Flinders and Lady Barron Islands. Fanny Cochrane Smith (1834–1905) outlived Truganini by 30 years and in 1889 was officially recognised as the last full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal. Smith recorded songs in her native language, the only audio recordings that exist of an indigenous Tasmanian language.[4][17]
In 1997 the Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter, England, returned Truganini's necklace and bracelet to Tasmania. In 2002, some of her hair and skin were found in the collection of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and returned to Tasmania for burial.[18]
In 1835 and 1836, settler Benjamin Law created a pair of busts depicting Truganini and Woorrady in Hobart Town that have come under recent controversy.[19] In 2009, members of the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre protested an auction of these works by Sotheby’s in Melbourne, arguing that the sculptures were racist, perpetuated false myths of Aboriginal extinction, and erased the experiences of Tasmania’s remaining indigenous populations.[20] Representatives called for the busts to be returned to the aboriginal community, and were ultimately successful in stopping the auction.[21]
Cultural references[edit]
"Truganini's Dreaming" is the title of a song written by Bunna Lawrie, the founding member, sole songwriter and lead singer of the Australian Aboriginal band Coloured Stone. It appeared on their 1986 album, Human Love, which won the Best Indigenous Release at the ARIA Music Awards of 1987.
"Truganini" is the name of a song by Midnight Oil; this song spoke partly of Truganini herself but also of what Midnight Oil saw as Australia's environmental and social problems.
Truganina, a suburb of Melbourne, is possibly named after her.
In the roman à clef Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World, one of the main characters is Trugernanna, a somewhat-fictional portrayal of Truganini.
A steamer called 'Truganini' sailed in the South Seas in 1886, visiting Papua New Guinea.[22]
A racehorse named 'Truganini' ran in Britain in the early 20th century[23] and another named 'Trucanini' started racing aged 2 in the 2012 season.
"Truganini of Bruny Island" is a song by the Tasmanian band, The Dead Maggies [2012]. The song poetically details her abduction and the murder of her fiancé.
The cruelty against Truganini receives explicit mention in Yuval Harari's Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind because of the extreme and unusual brutality of White Australians during the period 1810-1840.
See also[edit]
Black War
Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World
Tasmanian Aboriginals
Tunnerminnerwait
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ According to the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Louisa Briggs was probably the daughter of Doog-by-er-um-boroke, a Woiorung woman kidnapped from Port Phillip by sealers.[11]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Flannery, T.F. (1994) The Future Eaters: An ecological history of the Australasian lands and people Chatswood: New South Wales, ISBN 0-8021-3943-4
^ Jump up to: a b c "A royal lady - Trucaminni, or Lallah Rookh, the last Tasmanian aboriginal, has died of paralysis, aged 73. She was Queen Consort to King Billy, who died in March 1871, and had been under the care of Mrs Dandridge, who was allowed £80 annually by the Government for maintenance." The Times, Thursday, 6 July 1876; pg. 6; Issue 28674; col D
Jump up ^ Colonial-era reports spell her name "Trugernanner" or "Trugernena" (in modern orthography, Trukanana or Trukanina).
In 1869 the town of Truganini was established near Bendigo in Victoria; in 1870 that spelling was first used for Truganini's name.
^ Jump up to: a b Ryan, Lyndall (1976). "Trugernanner (Truganini) (1812–1876)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. 6. Canberra: Australian National University. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Ellis, V. R. 1981. Trucanini: Queen or Traitor. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. p.3
Jump up ^ The Andersons of Western Port Horton & Morris
Jump up ^ "Port Phillip.". Australasian Chronicle (Sydney, NSW : 1839 - 1843). Sydney, NSW: National Library of Australia. 15 February 1842. p. 2. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Gough, Julie Oyster Cove at Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies, University of Tasmania
Jump up ^ The Times, issue 23848 dated Tuesday, 5 February 1861; p. 10; col A
Jump up ^ Register of Births, Deaths & Marriages
Jump up ^ Barwick, Laura (2005). "Briggs, Louisa (1836–1925)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: Australian National University. Retrieved 7 October
2015.
Jump up ^ "Truganini (1812?-1876) - Australian Museum". australianmuseum.net.au. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
Jump up ^ Antje Kühnast: 'In the interest of science and the colony'. Truganini und die Legende von den aussterbenden Rassen. In: Entfremdete Körper. Rassismus als Leichenschändung [Alienated Bodies. Racism and the desecration of corpses]. Ed by W. D. Hund. Bielefeld: Transcript 2009, pp. 205 - 250.
Jump up ^ 'The Last Wish: Truganini's ashes scattered in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel', Aboriginal News, vol. 3, no. 2, 1976
Jump up ^ Truganini Index of Significant Tasmanian Women, at Tasmania's Department of Premier and Cabinet, October 2011. Accessed 21 March 2012
Jump up ^ Crowley, Terry; Thieberger, Nick (2007). Field linguistics: a beginner's guide. Oxford University Press, USA.
Jump up ^ "Fanny Cochrane Smith". Index of Significant Tasmanian Women, at Tasmania's Department of Premier and Cabinet. She is probably best known for her cylinder recordings of Aboriginal songs, recorded in 1899, which are the only audio recordings of an indigenous Tasmanian language. . Accessed 21 March 2012
Jump up ^ Barkham, P. & Finlayson, A. (2002-05-31). "Museum returns sacred samples". The Guardian. Retrieved 2006-07-11.
Jump up ^ Hansen, David (May 2010). "Seeing Truganini" (PDF). Australian Book Review. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'Racism not art': Anger at Truganini bust auction". ABC News. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
Jump up ^ Davies, Caroline. "Aborigines demand that British Museum returns Truganini bust". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
Jump up ^ The Times, Saturday, 24 April 1886; pg. 4; Issue 31742; col E
Jump up ^ The Times, Thursday, 22 October 1908; pg. 13; Issue 38784; col A
External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Truganini.
The Last of the Tasmanians on Wikisource
Truganini (1812–1876) National Library of Australia, NLA Trove, People and Organisation record for Truganini
Images of Truganini in State Library of Tasmania collection
Alexander, Alison Truganini at Companion to Tasmanian History, University of Tasmania
Russell, John (Essay) The Representation of Trucanini 1999. at fotoworkz freelance photographic
(Article) Truganini's Funeral
(Radio Feature) Truganini – Bushranger
(Article) Truganini (1812?–1876) A life reflecting the tragic history of the first Tasmanians.
[show] v t e
Aboriginal anthropology in Tasmania
[show] v t e
Southern region of Tasmania, Australia
Authority control
WorldCat Identities VIAF: 288748134 LCCN: n81125783
Categories: 1812 births1876 deathsIndigenous Tasmanian peopleHistory of Indigenous AustraliansHistory of TasmaniaLast known speakers of an Australian Aboriginal language
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health and still made hunting trips to the bush during the season, after first asking "leave to go", they were now "fed, housed and clothed at public expense" and "much addicted to drinking".[9]
Final years and legacy[edit]
Oral histories of Truganini report that after arriving in the new settlement of Melbourne and disengaging with Robinson, she had a child named Louisa Esmai with John Shugnow or Strugnell at Point Nepean in Victoria. Further, Truganini was from the bloodlines of Victoria's Kulin Nation tribes. Indeed, they hid the child from authorities hunting Truganini. After Truganini was captured and exiled, her daughter Louisa was raised in the Kulin Nation. Louisa married John Briggs and supervised the orphanage at Coranderrk Aboriginal Reserve when it was managed by Wurundjeri leaders including Simon Wonga and William Barak.[10][a] According to a report in The Times she later married a Tasmanian known as "King Billy" who died in March 1869.[2] By 1873, Truganini was the sole survivor of the Oyster Cove group, and was again moved to Hobart. She died three years later and was buried at the former Female Factory at Cascades, a suburb of Hobart.
Prior to her death Truganini had pleaded to colonial authorities for a respectful burial, and requested that her ashes be scattered in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel. She feared that her body would be dissected and analyzed for scientific purposes as Aboriginal Tasmanian Wiliam Lenne's body had been.[12] Despite her wishes, within two years, her skeleton was exhumed by the Royal Society of Tasmania and later placed on display.[13] Only in April 1976, approaching the centenary of her death, were Truganini's remains finally cremated and scattered according to her wishes.[14][15]
Truganini is often considered to be the last full-blood speaker of a Tasmanian language.[16] However, The Companion to Tasmanian History details three full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal women, Sal, Suke and Betty, who lived on Kangaroo Island in South Australia in the late 1870s and "all three outlived Truganini". There were also Tasmanian Aboriginals living on Flinders and Lady Barron Islands. Fanny Cochrane Smith (1834–1905) outlived Truganini by 30 years and in 1889 was officially recognised as the last full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal. Smith recorded songs in her native language, the only audio recordings that exist of an indigenous Tasmanian language.[4][17]
In 1997 the Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter, England, returned Truganini's necklace and bracelet to Tasmania. In 2002, some of her hair and skin were found in the collection of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and returned to Tasmania for burial.[18]
In 1835 and 1836, settler Benjamin Law created a pair of busts depicting Truganini and Woorrady in Hobart Town that have come under recent controversy.[19] In 2009, members of the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre protested an auction of these works by Sotheby’s in Melbourne, arguing that the sculptures were racist, perpetuated false myths of Aboriginal extinction, and erased the experiences of Tasmania’s remaining indigenous populations.[20] Representatives called for the busts to be returned to the aboriginal community, and were ultimately successful in stopping the auction.[21]
Cultural references[edit]
"Truganini's Dreaming" is the title of a song written by Bunna Lawrie, the founding member, sole songwriter and lead singer of the Australian Aboriginal band Coloured Stone. It appeared on their 1986 album, Human Love, which won the Best Indigenous Release at the ARIA Music Awards of 1987.
"Truganini" is the name of a song by Midnight Oil; this song spoke partly of Truganini herself but also of what Midnight Oil saw as Australia's environmental and social problems.
Truganina, a suburb of Melbourne, is possibly named after her.
In the roman à clef Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World, one of the main characters is Trugernanna, a somewhat-fictional portrayal of Truganini.
A steamer called 'Truganini' sailed in the South Seas in 1886, visiting Papua New Guinea.[22]
A racehorse named 'Truganini' ran in Britain in the early 20th century[23] and another named 'Trucanini' started racing aged 2 in the 2012 season.
"Truganini of Bruny Island" is a song by the Tasmanian band, The Dead Maggies [2012]. The song poetically details her abduction and the murder of her fiancé.
The cruelty against Truganini receives explicit mention in Yuval Harari's Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind because of the extreme and unusual brutality of White Australians during the period 1810-1840.
See also[edit]
Black War
Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World
Tasmanian Aboriginals
Tunnerminnerwait
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ According to the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Louisa Briggs was probably the daughter of Doog-by-er-um-boroke, a Woiorung woman kidnapped from Port Phillip by sealers.[11]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Flannery, T.F. (1994) The Future Eaters: An ecological history of the Australasian lands and people Chatswood: New South Wales, ISBN 0-8021-3943-4
^ Jump up to: a b c "A royal lady - Trucaminni, or Lallah Rookh, the last Tasmanian aboriginal, has died of paralysis, aged 73. She was Queen Consort to King Billy, who died in March 1871, and had been under the care of Mrs Dandridge, who was allowed £80 annually by the Government for maintenance." The Times, Thursday, 6 July 1876; pg. 6; Issue 28674; col D
Jump up ^ Colonial-era reports spell her name "Trugernanner" or "Trugernena" (in modern orthography, Trukanana or Trukanina).
In 1869 the town of Truganini was established near Bendigo in Victoria; in 1870 that spelling was first used for Truganini's name.
^ Jump up to: a b Ryan, Lyndall (1976). "Trugernanner (Truganini) (1812–1876)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. 6. Canberra: Australian National University. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Ellis, V. R. 1981. Trucanini: Queen or Traitor. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. p.3
Jump up ^ The Andersons of Western Port Horton & Morris
Jump up ^ "Port Phillip.". Australasian Chronicle (Sydney, NSW : 1839 - 1843). Sydney, NSW: National Library of Australia. 15 February 1842. p. 2. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Gough, Julie Oyster Cove at Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies, University of Tasmania
Jump up ^ The Times, issue 23848 dated Tuesday, 5 February 1861; p. 10; col A
Jump up ^ Register of Births, Deaths & Marriages
Jump up ^ Barwick, Laura (2005). "Briggs, Louisa (1836–1925)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: Australian National University. Retrieved 7 October
2015.
Jump up ^ "Truganini (1812?-1876) - Australian Museum". australianmuseum.net.au. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
Jump up ^ Antje Kühnast: 'In the interest of science and the colony'. Truganini und die Legende von den aussterbenden Rassen. In: Entfremdete Körper. Rassismus als Leichenschändung [Alienated Bodies. Racism and the desecration of corpses]. Ed by W. D. Hund. Bielefeld: Transcript 2009, pp. 205 - 250.
Jump up ^ 'The Last Wish: Truganini's ashes scattered in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel', Aboriginal News, vol. 3, no. 2, 1976
Jump up ^ Truganini Index of Significant Tasmanian Women, at Tasmania's Department of Premier and Cabinet, October 2011. Accessed 21 March 2012
Jump up ^ Crowley, Terry; Thieberger, Nick (2007). Field linguistics: a beginner's guide. Oxford University Press, USA.
Jump up ^ "Fanny Cochrane Smith". Index of Significant Tasmanian Women, at Tasmania's Department of Premier and Cabinet. She is probably best known for her cylinder recordings of Aboriginal songs, recorded in 1899, which are the only audio recordings of an indigenous Tasmanian language. . Accessed 21 March 2012
Jump up ^ Barkham, P. & Finlayson, A. (2002-05-31). "Museum returns sacred samples". The Guardian. Retrieved 2006-07-11.
Jump up ^ Hansen, David (May 2010). "Seeing Truganini" (PDF). Australian Book Review. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'Racism not art': Anger at Truganini bust auction". ABC News. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
Jump up ^ Davies, Caroline. "Aborigines demand that British Museum returns Truganini bust". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
Jump up ^ The Times, Saturday, 24 April 1886; pg. 4; Issue 31742; col E
Jump up ^ The Times, Thursday, 22 October 1908; pg. 13; Issue 38784; col A
External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Truganini.
The Last of the Tasmanians on Wikisource
Truganini (1812–1876) National Library of Australia, NLA Trove, People and Organisation record for Truganini
Images of Truganini in State Library of Tasmania collection
Alexander, Alison Truganini at Companion to Tasmanian History, University of Tasmania
Russell, John (Essay) The Representation of Trucanini 1999. at fotoworkz freelance photographic
(Article) Truganini's Funeral
(Radio Feature) Truganini – Bushranger
(Article) Truganini (1812?–1876) A life reflecting the tragic history of the first Tasmanians.
[show] v t e
Aboriginal anthropology in Tasmania
[show] v t e
Southern region of Tasmania, Australia
Authority control
WorldCat Identities VIAF: 288748134 LCCN: n81125783
Categories: 1812 births1876 deathsIndigenous Tasmanian peopleHistory of Indigenous AustraliansHistory of TasmaniaLast known speakers of an Australian Aboriginal language
Navigation menu
Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch
Search Wikipedia
Go
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Brezhoneg
Català
Deutsch
Español
Français
Galego
Bahasa Indonesia
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
Vepsän kel’
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 14 March 2017, at 00:44.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimersContact WikipediaDevelopersCookie statementMobile viewWikimedia Foundation Powered by MediaWiki