History Of Unix
CHAPTER 1
History of Debian
Unix/Linux
UNIX has been a popular OS for more than two decades because of its multi-user, multi-tasking environment, stability, portability and powerful networking capabilities. In the late 1960s, researchers from General Electric, MIT and Bell Labs launched a joint project to develop an ambitious multi-user, multi-tasking OS for mainframe computers known as MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing System). MULTICS failed (for some MULTICS enthusiasts"failed" is perhaps too strong a word to use here), but it did inspire Ken Thompson, who was a researcher at Bell Labs, to have a go at writing a simpler operating system himself. He wrote a simpler version of MULTICS on a PDP7 in assembler and called his attempt UNICS (Uniplexed Information and Computing System). Because memory and CPU power were at a premium in those days, UNICS (eventually shortened to UNIX) used short commands to minimize the space needed to store them and the time needed to decode them - hence the tradition of short UNIX commands we use today, e.g. ls, cp, rm, mv etc.
Ken Thompson then teamed up with Dennis Ritchie, the author of the first C compiler in 1973. They rewrote the UNIX kernel in C - this was a big step forwards in terms of the system 's portability - and released the Fifth Edition of UNIX to universities in 1974. The Seventh Edition, released in 1978, marked a split in UNIX development into two main branches: SYSV (System 5) and BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution). BSD arose from the University of California at Berkeley where Ken Thompson spent a sabbatical year. Its development was continued by students at Berkeley and other research institutions. SYSV was developed by AT&T and other commercial companies. UNIX flavours based on SYSV have traditionally been more conservative, but better supported than BSD-based flavours.
The latest incarnations of SYSV (SVR4 or System 5 Release 4) and BSD Unix are actually very similar. Some minor differences are to
History of Debian
Unix/Linux
UNIX has been a popular OS for more than two decades because of its multi-user, multi-tasking environment, stability, portability and powerful networking capabilities. In the late 1960s, researchers from General Electric, MIT and Bell Labs launched a joint project to develop an ambitious multi-user, multi-tasking OS for mainframe computers known as MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing System). MULTICS failed (for some MULTICS enthusiasts"failed" is perhaps too strong a word to use here), but it did inspire Ken Thompson, who was a researcher at Bell Labs, to have a go at writing a simpler operating system himself. He wrote a simpler version of MULTICS on a PDP7 in assembler and called his attempt UNICS (Uniplexed Information and Computing System). Because memory and CPU power were at a premium in those days, UNICS (eventually shortened to UNIX) used short commands to minimize the space needed to store them and the time needed to decode them - hence the tradition of short UNIX commands we use today, e.g. ls, cp, rm, mv etc.
Ken Thompson then teamed up with Dennis Ritchie, the author of the first C compiler in 1973. They rewrote the UNIX kernel in C - this was a big step forwards in terms of the system 's portability - and released the Fifth Edition of UNIX to universities in 1974. The Seventh Edition, released in 1978, marked a split in UNIX development into two main branches: SYSV (System 5) and BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution). BSD arose from the University of California at Berkeley where Ken Thompson spent a sabbatical year. Its development was continued by students at Berkeley and other research institutions. SYSV was developed by AT&T and other commercial companies. UNIX flavours based on SYSV have traditionally been more conservative, but better supported than BSD-based flavours.
The latest incarnations of SYSV (SVR4 or System 5 Release 4) and BSD Unix are actually very similar. Some minor differences are to
References: Lucas, N. (2013, December 08). Introduction to Debian. Retrieved from https://www.debian.org Mark, A. Basic Linux Commands. Retrieved from http://www.comptechdoc.org/os/linux Narad, S.( 2012 – 2014 ). Debian GNU/Linux 7.0 Code Name “Wheezy” Server Installation Guide. Retrieved from http://www.tecmint.com 2014. About VirtualBox. Retrieved from https://www.virtualbox.org