Hominins: The Extinction Of Homo Sapiens

We, homo sapiens, are the sole survivors of a long lineage of hominins. Why we beat our contemporaries is not precisely explained but many theories support the notion that our physical build (endurance running); diet (omnivores of fish, insects, meat and vegetables); ability to adapt (sewing and tools from animal bones) and innovate in new environments (migration to all regions, not just Europe); and, intellect for conveying thought and meaning, set us apart from our competitor cousins.
As we look at our family tree of the genus Homo sapiens, the links show that our last competitor, Neanderthals, were wiped out between 41,000-39,000 years ago (from homo habilis (2.4-1.4m yrs ago) to rudolfensis (1.9-1.7m) to erectus (1.9-0.2m) to heidelbergensis (700,000-200,000
Sapiens had the ability to spread to all global regions (from Arctic tundra to desert to rain forests and high mountains) and our bodies adapted to any climate (shorter and stocky frames to retain heat in cold climates and tall and skinny to dump heat in hot climates), whereas Neanderthals did not. Moreover, Sapiens could rapidly adapt biologically under stress: genetic mutations permitted us to modify skin pigment and eye color for any climate in a few thousand years (lighter skin absorbed more ultraviolet radiation for vitamin D production). Our cultural flexibility was the key to outcompete against Neanderthals (and their inability to advance under stress) as we arrived in Europe. As we Sapiens colonized the planet, we we were successful because of our ability to handle and respond to extreme variables, which allowed us to invent new technologies, hopping between diverse climates. Our innovative skills allowed us to adapt and survive in all conditions, i.e., from mammoth hunting in a cold Europe and erecting huts from the