For this week’s topic, I agree with the statement that “Canada is known for being a world leader when it comes to equality and human rights.” At here, I want to share a significant case which named Canada (AG) v. Mossop to explain the reason. This case “was the first decision of the Supreme Court of Canada to consider equality rights for gays” (Canada (AG) v Mossop, 2015).…
The last century has seen many movements for change in Canada, yet there is still much work to be done. Our society views a certain group of people with a high regard and an authority over others; these same people fall into the group that Audre Lorde calls the ‘Mythical Norm.’ Although Canada claims to be a land of equal opportunity, the ever-present conception of the mythical norm creates a breeding ground from which oppression grows in Canadian society. The idea of this norm is what leads to the domination of white males in the Canadian economy and within the country’s justice system. This essay will explore the ways in which the mythical norm creates sexist, homophobic, and racist oppressions in society.…
This article serves as an appropriate outline to some phases in the history of the US lesbian and gay political history. Also, this shows concepts which are necessary to the evolution of any political movement, but displays these concepts through the lesbian and gay movements. The article challenged me to understand the weaknesses and strengths of the movements, and discover why some worked and why some did not.…
The dominant paradigm for gender relations in the United States has always been one of a heterosexual standpoint. “Measured against other Western democracies at the dawn of the twentieth century, the American state – slow to develop, small in size, and limited in capability – stood out as distinctive” (Canaday 1). Since the beginning of its establishment, the United States has taken a strong stance against homosexuality. One of the United States’ most evident characteristics that set it apart from other cultures was its harsh punishment on homosexual relationships. The harsh laws and regulations against homosexuals have not only continued to perpetuate the idea of a strictly heteronormative society, but…
This article was about the exertions and fight towards the right of sexuality that the LGBT faced during the 1950’s and 1960’s. It gives us information on how the activism started within churches and the views particular religions have on the controversial topic of gay marriage. LGBT activists did not earn the encouragement they wished for within the religious community; although a selection supported this basic human right. We should care about this article because gay rights has had an immense influence on our existing century. The basic human right of happiness and sexuality should not be looked down upon nor undermined. Many individuals within the LGBT community are shown prejudice because of their personal beliefs. We are all entitled…
To be premise. the Charter actually did not make an immediate impact on the movement (Smith 2005) which is reasonable given the complexity of the Charter and the Canadian legal system. However, once the activists gained enough understanding of the Charter, it resulted in new litigation opportunities. (Smith, 2005). This is because the Charter allows the courts to strike down, read-in, or request the government to change any government policies and laws that the courts deem unconstitutional (Boyd, 2011). Knowing this, activists change their strategy from focusing on the negative stigma of being homosexual to centering their movement around the Charter (Smith, 2005), essentially using the Charter as a tool to attack certain discriminatory laws and policies or to protect their rights from intrusive government…
On November 14th, 2009, Canada’s first openly gay Catholic priest, Father Karl Clemens, married his long time partner in Toronto, Ontario. Clemens, who is close to seventy, retired from the Kingston, Ontario diocese after 33 years of service and moved to Toronto to advocate for the city’s gay village. Clemens stated that he was as prepared to handle the inevitable backlash from the Church and some of its followers as he was when he declared his sexual orientation in 2005, and strongly believes that homosexuals deserve to exercise their right to enter into same-sex marriage. (Weese) It is currently estimated that 1 to 3% of the population engage in homosexual acts, however, it was previously suggested that at least 10% of the population was of homosexual orientation. Unfortunately, these studies were flawed indefinitely. (Jones, 249) Topics in this essay will include: the historical views of homosexuality including what Biblical texts state regarding this issue, as well as specific documentation from the Vatican pertaining to this subject. Furthermore, I will discuss former Pope John Paul II and current Pope Benedict XVI’s position on homosexuality, as well as homosexuality within the clergy of the Catholic Church. I will then examine specific literature criticizing the Church’s teachings on homosexuality, and finally gay and lesbian Catholics who are subjected to discrimination within the Church for their sexual preference. Although there has been a growing acceptance among certain Christian denominations regarding homosexuality in modern society, the Catholic Church holds a firm position on this subject that is, “Although the particular inclination of the homosexual person is not a sin, it is a more or less strong tendency ordered toward an intrinsic moral evil; and thus the inclination itself must be seen as an objective disorder.” (Baird, 204) It is evident then that although the Catholic Church does not condemn homosexual orientation, it also does not condone…
Feminist theory does not have one official definition and can take many different forms (Hick, 2010). Most feminists agree that all women in society have the right to obtain the same economic, political and social rights that their male counterparts experience (Hick, 2010). The belief that women are treated differently than men within society is a well-known phenomenon. Historically, the basis of feminist theory is presumed to have arisen out of the three waves of feminism (Hick, 2010). Women in Canada have made vast strides towards attaining more rights and resisting gender-based discriminatory beliefs and assumptions that aim to socially exclude women from reclaiming their womanhood (Mullaly, 2010). Women’s social position as subordinate…
The legal recognition of same-sex relationships in Australia has evolved dramatically since the 1980s to a point where most jurisdictions provide same-sex couples with the same rights and obligations as heterosexual de-facto couples. The recognition of homosexual peoples was first reflected in 1982 through the insertion of Part 4C into the Anti-Discrimination Act (NSW). At the federal level, the 1984 Federal Sex-Discrimination Act (Cth) was enacted. Demographically, Australia is continuously developing into a more secular society, resulting in the waning influence of the Christian Church on the political front. Nevertheless, the 2004 Amendment to the 1961 Federal Marriage Act, which defined marriage as the legal union between a man and a woman”, was described by many as “enshrining the institution of marriage”, and is only reflective of the views held by the more conservative and religious members of society. To this day, the legal definition of marriage remains unreflective of society’s progressive views, resulting in the law languishing behind.…
Different countries experience a greater degree of struggles than others. Since Canada is a multicultural country, one might assume that interracial couples would be more accepted and faced with less racial struggles. Unfortunately, that is not the case; couples are still ridiculed. In present day, it’s true that interracial couples are more accepted now than years previous but support of exogamy is still low. A mere fifty years earlier, the thought of a mixed union was a taboo. During the era of segregation, a mixed union between an African Canadian and a Caucasian person was unthinkable. The federal government in Canada has a history of polices that have attempted to separate races from joining in relationships. A vivid example of Canada’s attempt to control and prevent interracial intimacies is the Indian Act. “The Indian Act, with all its variations, clearly restricted and provided penalties for interracial sex and marriages.” (Real Canadian History, 2012) Some of the discrimination that mixed couples receive today, from individuals has been passed through the previous generations. Though, as generations become more educated they are likely to be more opened minded. The history of views on interracial relationships has contributed to the lacking acceptance experienced in present…
In North America, white female and black male sexuality became central to the development of its racial caste system. The European settlers brought ambiguity towards sex from conflicting ideologies of middle class urban values and traditional sexual freedoms to their frontiers. Fredrickson alluded to Shakespeare's Othello, which he argued showed that "blacks [were] used to symbolize tensions or anxieties that they had little or no role in creating" even before the colonialization.2 In the North American colonies, these anxieties helped shape the creation of race among the permanent settler societies. Legally, the planter class, faced with legal ambiguities as they transitioned from indentured labor to slave labor: white indentured servants began marrying black men, threatening the continuation of slave labor by providing greater freedoms to their children because of the matrilineal nature of slavery.3 Yet Fredrickson also pointed to "the myth of black hyper-sexuality also [playing] a role in the origins of the American miscegenation complex"4: white males may have felt threatened by the idea of competing with black male…
In modern day Canadian society the LGBTQ youth face many inequalities that we as the heterosexual community do not experience (Kennedy). Due to the supremacist (supremacy of a particular group) belief that heterosexuality is the only acceptable sexual orientation, the LGBTQ youth are marginalized by the heterosexual community (the center) (Nussbaum).…
Transgenderism have a goal, that goal is to be happy in their skin no matter who says so. In today’s age transgender has been appearing a lot more. Welch (2011) definition of transgender is “an umbrella term, refers to people who feel that their biologically assigned gender is a false or incomplete description of themselves” (pg.53). Transgender is one of the leading outcomes of suicide. It is a worldwide problem and it has been show with research; however in Canada the rates are higher. This is shown throughout the youth populations in Canada. Today’s outcome of what transgender really is can lead to different speculations of what is right or wrong. Transgenderism can lead to many different thoughts and many different opinions. The purpose…
Shortall, A. (1998). The social construction of homophobia and heterosexism in the Newfoundland education system. Unpublished Master 's dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland.…
Thesis Statement: The Gay Rights Movement dates back to the 19th century. By 1970 gay and lesbian organizations existed all over the United States and in other countries all over the world. Some supporters of the movement would say that our society as a whole has made great strides towards acceptance of homosexuality. However, gays and lesbians are still fighting for equality in 2009. The issues are vast and widespread, with same-sex marriage at the top of the list. In the world that we live in today one might be surprised to learn how many countries are accepting of gay and lesbians, as well as how many are not. The world has made progress within the last decade regarding this issue, but definitely not enough. We need to take steps to protect and balance Gay rights.…