Upbringing refers to the treatment a child receives from its parents or carers throughout its childhood. Many psychologists believe the type of upbringing an individual has affects the rest of their life, with the main blame being placed on parental irresponsibility, physical abuse, lack of parental affection and broken homes.
Farringtons study into disrupted childhoods supports this view. The study had two aims, one of them was to document the start, duration and end of offending behaviour and other was to investigate the influence of life events such as the risk factors predicting anti-social behaviour and the influence of family background. Farrington studied 411 south London males ages 8 to 9 and interviewed them a three stages of their lives. They found that
Overall, upbringing in disrupted families can explain criminal behaviour due to the vast amount of data which indicates that children who have a young mother or delinquent sibling, and therefore a disrupted family, are more prone to commit criminal acts. Farrington concluded that the high-risk age at which children are more likely to turn to crime is between 8 and 9 and thus early intervention programmes should be taken in order to reduce offending.