How Did Britain Contribute To Industrialization

Focus Question 610
Key Terms Used: Industrial Revolution, Putting Out System, Free Trade Many events in Britain and other parts of the world in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century help contributed to industrialization. The evolution of manufactures in Britain was one of the most helpful and extraordinary events in human history. Many historians argued what could have caused such wide scale industrialization in England (611). One theory is that the people of England finally understood that the machines powered by fossil fuels had an economic potential that could help others around the world. Another factor is that Britain’s industrialization developed in the early ages, but it was on the global economy so other parts of the world had a role to help contribute in industrialization. The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION happened at about 1760 and continued for about 100 years with new machines being created fueled by fossil fuels and other organic sources. Capital merchants in Britain used the PUTTING OUT SYSTEM to help accelerate production of raw materials like yarn, wool, cotton and other resources and gave these to families to create goods and then give it back to the employer for money in return. This
system was used before Britain became an industrial source for their economy. In 1730, new machines were being developed and the exchange of world knowledge was coming to help bring the world economy up by working together (614). When new machines were being developed to help increase the production of material goods, investments would be made by certain cooperation’s and other business to help attain credit for newly developed machines that manufactures would want to buy. From railroad tracks to coal mines, no one saw the accelerated development that happened not only in Britain, but in other places of the word as well. The rise of population helped make the industrial revolution a reality and they still continue to oversee its progress. FREE TRADE is a policy in international trade markets in which federal governments of different world countries do not restrict imports or exports. This policy helped machines from other countries to be traded so that everyone could have product acceleration with the new foreign machines.

Focus Question 622
Key Terms Used: Liberalism, the First Angelo-Chinese War, Capitalism There were many fundamental features of the doctrines of free trade and liberalism in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century. In the first part of the nineteenth century, the free trade policy slowly gained popularity. In 1846, the British parliament repealed the Corn Laws that restricted trade with tariffs and then its global commerce flourished under its new trade regime. Soon other countries wanted to sign non-restricted treaties to form trade relations with bordering countries. CAPITALISM also helped with the free trade policy because the country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state in which individuals would receive a profit rather than the government. THE FIRST ANGELO-CHINESE WAR was fought between Britain and China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice for foreign nationals. This was just one of the episodes of global conflicts that took place in the nineteenth century. Political analysts and capitalists investors wanted to monitor the global economic change by measuring it whenever possible. LIBERALISM, a set of economic and ideology doctrines advocating political freedom, constitutional government, free trade, and completive markets to help the progress of humans (631). This was political doctrine was found to be persuasive to many leaders around the world to help their governmental structure because it was meant for limited government. It is practiced in a federal republic or a constitutional monarchy. Liberalism also had protection of private property, an independent judiciary, technology progress, and international commerce to be unaltered by tariff barriers. All of these ideas are to help individuals to think and act as they deem. Economic and political liberalism did blend, but some government officials rejected certain principles when it comes to political debates that supported ones party. This political ideology did have conflicting principles, however it was created in the nineteenth century as the base that guided and informed the expansion of global capitalism (632).
Focus Question 637
Key Terms Used: Neo-Europe, Pogrom, Potato Famine
Millions of people across the world undertook long-distance migration to other countries in the nineteenth century.
They did this because most people were seeking wealth by working and a better chance of surviving in foreign places. The migration happened because the industrial revolution demanded labor from factories to even capitalist entrepreneurs to help oversee the production of goods across the world. NEO-EUROPES are places in the temperate zones of the world in which they are most like Europe. Many new foreign communities like these were distinct from Europe. As immigrants came to these lands, they changed the landscapes to make it more like their home. This was done by terminating natives and introducing a wide variety of new animals and
plants.
Another reason why people migrated is that people outside of their native land forced to them to travel to a new location. An example is when eight million enslaved Africans were transported from Africa to the Americas against their will (637). The slave trade had the largest movement of people from different countries in the early centuries of human civilization. If these slaves misbehaved because the people that brought them their thought that they should be grateful to serve a different people, a punishment could be a POGROM an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group to pay for their “crimes.”
Many rural people left their lands to faraway places to attain urban jobs to get wages. Other people left because more farmland could have been available somewhere else at a lower cost.
Beginning in 1845 and lasting for six years, the POTATO FAMINE killed over a million people in Ireland and caused another million to flee the country. This event is an example on how people left their countries in time of need if some resource that is vital to survival in that area dries up at the worst possible time causing mass chaos to occur. Many events and factors led to millions of people leaving their homelands to new countries to achieve a greater life.
Focus Question 644
Key Terms Used: Socialism, Proletariat, Bourgeoisie In every era of history, we come across movements that try to offer solutions to current problems of certain governments across the ages by fixing them with a new structure or ideology. Beginning in the eighteenth century, with the increase of the global population and migration happening at such an alarming rate, that movements proposing change have multiplied across the globe. Many new ideologies like liberalism and conservatism came across in multiple locations in the world and these social movements affected the course of change as the century progressed (645). One of the new ideologies of the world caused a major uproar in defending it and spreading it across the Eurasia continent. SOCIALISM advocates equality and justice and it is a transition to Communism. One of the world’s oldest socialist pioneers was Claude Henri de Saint-Simon, a French nobleman who disliked the aristocratic wealth and benefits of the higher classes. He also influenced other socialist innovators in Europe and United States to start up small communities that workers would share local wealth equally and receive fair treatment from everyone (646). These are examples of PROLETARIANS, the working class that would overthrow capitalists to achieve the control of production of goods in Marx’s theory. European movements like the French Revolution and the American Revolution (British Colonists) did succeed and changed something major from the type of government or the structure of the federal government. In 1848, popular uprisings came across Europe from street fighting in Paris to target the current king and farmers rising up to burn towns to prove a point. In Karl Marx’s theory of Communism, “BOURGEOISIE is the urban middle class that oppresses the middle class (647).” This contradicts his other theory of the working class rising up and taking over because if the middle class oppresses them, then how can they work up the courage to overthrow them. There are many social movements that want change across the world, they make a difference even if they failed proving that they make a difference even in the most powerful governments.