The most important individual in bringing about the change in influence is Vladimir Lenin, who brought about a sudden sharp rise in the party’s popularity. Following the 1917 October Revolution, Lenin became the leader of the Communist Party and greatly increased the party’s political influence with his ‘one party state’. Lenin’s creation of the Politburo in 1919, which was a group of eight high profile party members who influenced any decision being made, demonstrates the party’s increased political influence by showing their domination of governmental bodies. Public support of the party is obvious in the increase of RCP membership, March 1919 to March 1920, from 250,000 to 612,000. This may have been due mainly to Lenin retaining his power through the 1918 civil war. In 1921, Lenin introduced his New Economic Policy, aimed at gaining peace with the peasant class, which resulted in the ending of armed resistance to the communists. This support increased the Russian Communist Party’s (RCP) public influence greatly, backed in rural areas as well as urban working class districts. Due to all these factors, Lenin is the most important individual in changing the influence of the Russian communist party between 1905 and 1945.…
Born into a world of change due Russian Industrial revolution, Trotsky was shaped by his historical context and early life. The Revolution took place in the late 19th century. Industrialization was occurring at a fast rate with export of grains and coal increasing, however the working class was still repressed. Trotsky was introduced to a place where change was prevalent, yet nothing had been done for the proletariat. This impacted on his views that became apparent in later life. Trotsky was introduced to Communism in 1897. Being an inexperienced political activist, he was caught and exiled to Siberia. Trotsky was aware of leading Marxist Russians residing in London, including Martov and Lenin, and he escaped to join them. Arriving in 1902, Trotsky established a strong relationship with Lenin, who appreciated his literary abilities. Lenin checked Trotsky’s writing, especially articles for the Communist newspaper ‘Iskra’. However, in the Party Congress of 1903, the Social democratic party split into the Lenin led Bolsheviks and Martov headed Mensheviks. Trotsky stood against Lenin, stating that his theories went against Marxist notion of freeing the working classes. Through the context of his times, and early life experiences, it can be discerned that events…
The 1917 Bolshevik Revolution was the seizure of power by the radical Marxists led by Vladimir Lenin and was one of the pivotal moments of the 20th Century. The ramifications of the event, and the subsequent establishment of the world's first Communist regime were immediately obvious, but also had continuing repercussions for decades. This essay will argue that although Lenin and Stalin seemed to have conflicting views, in reality they shared very similar policies; Stalin just took these policies to an extreme.…
He fuelled a period of massive industrialisation which ultimately lead to the emergence of a new social group; the urban proletariat. This group, who had little status in Russian society in the period 1854-1894, now played a major role in Russia, meaning a change in an average workers status. By 1914, there were 2.9 million workers employed in Russia working in 24,900 factories. However, this period comes with a degree of continuity in the level of status of workers; in 1910 only half of Russia’s national productivity was industrial. This points in the general direction that, as with the reigns of Alexander the II and III, the peasants were the social class with more power. The provisional government of February 1917 marked a change for the status of workers in Russia. It was formed with the Petrograd soviet, a council of workers and soldiers. They controlled the railway, postal and telegraph services; a level of status in which workers had previously never held. During Lenin’s rule, there were varying degrees of workers status: ‘While the peasantry suffered between 1918 and 1921, the urban workers became better off…The NEP clearly benefited the peasantry at the expense of urban workers’1. This quote from Lee can be challenged, as during war communism 1918 the populations of Moscow dropped by half. This shows that workers…
During the turbulent years in which Lenin had passed, his significance still continued to dominate Russian politics. One clear example of this was his funeral as party members were afraid to read his testimony as it would make themselves look unpopular. This showed that even in death, Lenin’s words still held weight making him extremely significant. Furthermore, many of Lenin’s early policies such as his feminist policies continued to persist through Stalin’s administration as the USSR was the first country to have female pilots and female snipers. Lastly, we can see similarities in both Lenin and Stalin’s policies. For example, Stalin had copied some of Lenin’s “War Communism” as Stalin’s “Collectivization” advocated requisitioning of grain.…
“Propaganda is a narrowly selfish attempt to get people to accept ideas and beliefs, always in the interest of a particular person or group and with little or no advantage to the public (“What is Propaganda… 2). Propaganda is the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person. In the Russian Revolution Joseph Stalin used propaganda to his benefit and used it to usurp the people of Russia. Also how Napoleon used propaganda to his benefit and to usurp the animals of Animal Farm. Napoleon got Boxer to follow him and Boxer helped spread the propaganda, but Squealer was the propaganda itself (Orwell, George 56). Much like how, Joseph Stalin got common people to follow him and he got them to spread it. Fear, transfer, and pinpointing the enemy are three propaganda techniques that are shared by the novel Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution.…
Lenin was important to the Bolshevik seizure of power as he was able to manipulate public opinion using slogans and propaganda. This was also shown early in the year, before Lenin's return to Russia from Switzerland. The Bolsheviks in Russia had printed in 'Pravda' (their newspaper) that their members and followers should support the Provisional Government, and also that they had given serious thought to the idea of combining with the Mensheviks. This was all very contrary to what Lenin wrote in his 'April Theses' which clearly laid out his views and beliefs on the subject. A key point of his 'April Theses' was "No Support for the Provisional Government", yet without him his party were proposing just that. Lenin as an individual was able to force the Bolsheviks to follow his beliefs and goals and without him they may never have chosen this course of action at all. Through his April thesis, particularly the slogans “Peace, Bread, Land” and “All Power to the Soviets”, he was able to harness the support of the Russian people.…
As propaganda became intensely more popular it’s uses were used in a variety of ways for all different reasons. The Russian poster described in the previous paragraph had a specific purpose. Its purpose was to show the evils of Russia’s enemy, the German empire. The Russians were not…
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, later known to the world as Lenin, is one of the best-known political figures of the 20th century. Lenin was born on April of 1870, in Simbirsk, Russia. Even though he was known for leading the revolution for peasants and the working class, his background was by no means lower class. Lenin had a wealthy middle class upbringing. His father attended Kazan University and became a schoolteacher and a pioneer of non-Euclidian geometry. Through diligent work and loyalty, his father advanced to “Actual Councilor of State” (an inspector of schools). His mother was the daughter of a doctor from a wealthy family in northern Germany. She was dedicated to the care and education of her children.…
Yet most everyone can agree that his impact on Russia was very large, whether for better or for worse. Surprisingly, the place that he is considered as the biggest hero would be in Russia, where his body was preserved and on display in Moscow ever since his death. Many Russians often thought of Lenin as a father figure, even while the rest of the world considered him to be a villain. Back in 2011, there was talk that Russia would remove the body from where it lay in Red Square. This agrees with what a large number of the Russian population thinks, but some think that the body needs to remain where it is. One of these people, Walter Rogers, is a man who writes for the news organization Christian Science Monitor. He argues that “Interring Lenin beside his mother in St. Petersburg may paper over, but will not expunge the bloody Bolshevik past. Shakespeare reminds us that ‘the evil men do lives after them.’ Modern Russia would dishonor communism’s victims if Lenin’s corpse is smuggled out of town on a moonless night (Heilbrunn, 3).” This controversy over where Lenin’s body remains shows how many disagree about how Lenin should be remembered. And while Russia may be struggling to come to terms with who Lenin really was, the rest of the world seems to be more decisive. According to Ellie Zolfagharifard from the UK Daily Mail, a survey found “the opinions of almost 7,000…
During 1917 the political system of Russia, and the political opinions of its public, began to change. The First World War was deeply taking its toll, with the casualties running into millions, and food shortages were reaching crisis levels across Russia. Presided over by the Provisional Government, who had little support and even less real power, the people of Russia became restless. In October, the animosity between Government and populace came to a head, and a revolution put Lenin’s socialist Bolshevik party in power. This essay will show that, while the Bolshevik party was dedicated and driven in the values they believed in, it was only the seizing of opportunity, and a lot of luck, that they succeeded in taking power.…
The Enduring Legacy and Impact of Vladimir Lenin The reign of Communism throughout the majority of the Eastern World and its origins in industrialism are ubiquitous features of the 19th and 20th centuries. Thus, the pivotal players in its creation, dissemination and thought are of paramount historical importance insofar as they have played a vital role in the establishment, proliferation and dissemination of one of the predominant ideologies of the last two centuries; for better or for worse. And of these pivotal players, Vladimir Lenin stands out in his preeminence. For Vladimir Lenin established the first nation state with the explicitly-stated goal of achieving a Communist society; despite the immense adversity placed in his way, fundamentally…
Propaganda was a very common and successful technique during the second world war, which is where both poster 1 and 2 are from. Both of these propaganda posters use a variety of persuasive tools and techniques to have an influence on the audience. These techniques include symbolic, written and technical codes which are successful in presenting image that is going to shock or persuade an audience into taking action. The purpose of propaganda is to control the audience by sending messages to alter opinions or to persuade others into adopting beliefs, whether it's political, religious or philosophical.…
Many years ago, India’s pharmaceutical industry was suffering from number of international trade limits due to their violation of intellectual property rights. The Indian companies used to copy patents of drugs made by Western countries and Japan with no responsibility to property rights. This would discourage international investors from investing into India’s drug industry. India was only good for making generic brand drugs because the patents for those drugs were already expired. However, the situation has changed dramatically in recent years due to the rising demand for international trade. Especially, with the induction of India into WTO in 2005, there came the appreciation and protection for property rights. India stopped making those counterfeit drugs. The fact that India is a member of WTO has eased the path for foreign investors to start investing into India’s many industries including drug industry. Due to flow of investments and Western cooperation, India’s pharmaceutical industry has seen unprecedented growth since 2005. According to the case, by 2011, the industry reached $11.5 billion.…
The criminal trial process is a vital part of the criminal justice system in NSW as it plays a fundamental role in achieving justice, by determining the innocence or guilt of an offender. Yet, despite the criminal trial process still having many complex issues that remove it of achieving its full means of justice, the process has stood the test of time and lasted for more than two centuries. It aims at lawfully and justly providing victims, offenders and society with the rights of a fair trial. The hierarchies of courts play a crucial role in effectuating justice for the community. The courts jurisdiction is the extent of the court’s authority and is often determined by the hierarchy. The lowest form of court is the Local Court. The Local Court Act 1982 (NSW) outlines the offences that are heard in this court. They are less serious crimes, where matters are tried summarily, but are also the location for bail and committal hearings, where police play a prominent role in achieving justice. The Intermediate and High Courts handle indictable crimes as well as appeals from lower courts. It is in these courts that a decision made sets a doctrine of precedent. The court hierarchy is a major part of the criminal trial process as it allows appeals and precedents to flow easily. It attempts to ensure consistency between judicial decisions, as well as limit the discretion on most judicial verdicts. Appeals and precedents fundamentally ensure efficiency and the effectiveness of achieving justice, but despite them being an effective measure in achieving justice, there are still cheaper and more cost-efficient methods, such as YJC, and Circle Sentencing, that can fulfill the same outcome. The cornerstone of Australia’s criminal trial process is the Adversary System. This refers to the legal procedure where two opposing sides argue a case before an independent, third party eg.…