Prior to combat, the Ottomans expanded quickly against the Byzantines, defeating them and capturing various Byzantine towns. Under their Sultan, Murat I, the Ottoman advance into Europe was swift and effective. The defeat of the Serbian despots of Macedonia, Vlkasin, and Uglesa, at the Battle of Cirmen on the Maritsa River in 1371 opened the way into the Balkans. The Ottomans took Philippopolis, Zagora, and, what was believed to be much of Bulgaria. The czardom of Turnovo, too, fell under Ottoman sovereignty, and Serbia and Bosnia subsequently came under Ottoman
Prior to combat, the Ottomans expanded quickly against the Byzantines, defeating them and capturing various Byzantine towns. Under their Sultan, Murat I, the Ottoman advance into Europe was swift and effective. The defeat of the Serbian despots of Macedonia, Vlkasin, and Uglesa, at the Battle of Cirmen on the Maritsa River in 1371 opened the way into the Balkans. The Ottomans took Philippopolis, Zagora, and, what was believed to be much of Bulgaria. The czardom of Turnovo, too, fell under Ottoman sovereignty, and Serbia and Bosnia subsequently came under Ottoman