How Did Spain Influence The Spanish American

Social
1. 1503 – The Encomienda was a system that allowed the Spanish to use forced labor. This allowed the Spain to grow rapidly and eventually led to the slave trade in America
2. Hidalgos were Spanish minor nobles who sought adventure and wealth in the New World. They allowed the Spanish settlements in America to grow and inspired others to travel to the New World
3. Peninsulares were Spanish born settlers living in the New World at the summit of the Colonial class system. They were favored by the Spanish monarchy and had many advantages over the creoles, Mestizos, Native Americans, and Africans. They were able to hold higher offices and were had fewer restrictions on business and trade.
4. Creoles were Europeans who were born in the New World and were below the Penninsulares in the Colonial class system. They were not allowed to hold higher offices and
had fewer privileges because the Spanish wanted to maintain their power in the New World.
5.
1542 – New Laws were laws established by Charles V to protect the rights of the Native Americans. The Laws prevented settlers to exploit the natives and limited the power of the Spanish Political
1. June 7, 1494 – The Treaty of Tordesillas was a treaty between Spain and Portugal that created a demarcation line off the coast of the New World. Spain had the rights to the New World, and Portugal received rights of lands east of the line. This treaty prevented wars and allowed Spain to conquer the new world and improve its economy and become a dominant power in Europe. Portugal the
2. 1476 – Pizarro was a Conquistador from Spain who defeated Inca Empire. Because of his success, Spain was able to expand into the Americas and acquire the treasure of the Incas
3. 1485 – Hernan Cortes was a Spanish Conquistador who conquered the Aztec s. He gave the control of Mexico and its plentiful supply of gold to Spain
4. The Audencia was a Spanish court established in the New World to allow the monarchy to supervise the administration of the viceroys. It prevented the abuse of power and protected the rights of Native
Americans
5. 1460 – Henry the Navigator was a Portuguese Prince who patronized numerous explorers and searched for routes to India Religious
1. 1484 – Bartholome de las Casas was a Dominican friar who focused on protecting the native people in America. He wrote the Destruction of the Indies, an account of the exploitation and abuse of the natives in America. He was appointed “Protector of the Indians” and supported the rights of the Native Americans.
2. 1460 – Prester John was an imaginary Christian ruler of Africa. He inspired believers to Africa and later led to them discovering gold. Prester John also inspired Henry the Navigator and Bartholomeu Dias
3. 1492 – Spanish Missionaries expanded throughout the New World and spread Catholicism to the Native Americans. The Spanish wanted more uniformity throughout their territory and allowed their religion to grow and influence other settlers in the New World
4. 1478 – The Spanish Inquisition an organization created to stop heresy and maintain Spain’s Catholic orthodoxy and persecuted those who refused to convert. Many who refused to convert traveled to the new world to escape the persecution of the inquisition.
5. Usury was the act of lending money at unfair interest rates. Christians and Muslims were not allowed to lend money with interest and allowed Jewish bankers to gain new opportunities and increased the separation between religions.
Intellectual
1. 1497 – Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who was the first to travel from Europe to India by sea. He established a trading route to India and allowed Portugal gain wealth and power.
2. 1488 – Bartholomeu Dias was the first explorer to sail around the Cape of Good Hope in Africa. He established a route from Europe to Eastern Asia and led to Vasco de Gama’s expedition from Europe to India.
3. 1480 – Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who led an expedition from Spain to the Spice Islands. His voyage was the first to circumnavigate the globe and improved the understanding of the globe and the position of continents. Magellan also confirmed that Portugal had the best route to Asia.
4. 1492 – Christopher Columbus was an Italian Explorer who led an expedition from Spain in hope of arriving at Asia, but reached America instead. He allowed Europe to colonize the New World and began a transfer of animals, goods and culture from Europe to America, known as the Columbian Exchange.
5. 1497 – Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer who led numerous voyages from Spain to find a route to Asia. He discovered the continent of South America that was previously believed to be part of Asia. This led to later explorers to travel to America in search for wealth and power Technology
1. 1489 – The Portolan Chart were maps based on compass directions estimated distances. This new map allowed sailors to be able to navigate across the ocean to reach India or the New World
2. The Caravel was a small and agile ship with lateen sails that was invented by the Portuguese. It was able to travel long distances quickly and allowed explorers such as Columbus to travel to the New World.
3. Lateen sails were sails that increased the speed and mobility of ships. They were favored by explorers and allowed ships such as the Caravel to travel to the New World.
4. The Sextant was a navigational instrument used by European explorers to determine their position in the ocean. It greatly improved the safety and accuracy of voyages and allowed European explorers to travel farther.
5. The Astrolabe was an instrument used by sailors to measure the altitude of stars and determine the latitude of their ship. It allowed European explorers to safely sail in open waters to the New World. Economic
1. Seville was a province in the Andalusia region of Spain. It was a major trading port and allowed Seville to have a monopoly over trade to and from the New World. Spain was able to amass large amounts of money from the taxes from Seville.
2. Capitalism was an economic system where private companies in a competitive public market control a country’s trade. This promoted new innovations and created competition in Europe. It also created the desire for people to travel to the New World in search of new opportunities.
3. Inflation is a general increase in prices and decrease of the value of money. It caused vagrancy in Europe influenced the lower classes to leave their homeland and travel to the New World in search of a better life.
4. The Fugger family was a major German banking family in Europe. They controlled the a large portion of the Europe’s economy, established capitalist ideas, and financed Charles V who later became Emperor of the HRE
5. Potosi was a city in Bolivia that supplied Spain with an abundant supply of silver from its numerous silver mines. It was a major source of wealth for the Spanish from the New World