After the post-World War II era, Tennessee Williams was recognized as one of the greatest American dramatists. Tennessee Williams stature was almost primarily focused around the works that he has completed during the first half of his career. He earned the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for The Night of the Iguana in 1961. Tennessee’s earlier works were more successful than his later plays in his career which was considered by critics to be much derived of. Tennessee Williams has a lyrical style of writing. In the American theater, Tennessee’s thematic concerns and lyrical style of writing is very idiosyncratic. The majority if his work came roughly entirely from his inner personal life and was little influenced by the other dramatics and/or by the contemporary events during the time period. One critic noted, “Williams has remained aloof from trends in American drama, continuing to create plays out the same basic neurotic conflicts in his own personality.”
In Tennessee’s work he …show more content…
re-occurs the issue between reality and illusion, in which Tennessee Williams every so often associates along with a conflict between beauty and truth. A whole variety of thematic concerns centers on the human sexuality: sex as a way of being at one with the world, sex as life-affirming, contrasted with death and decays, sex as redemptive, and contrasted with sex as sin. D.H. Lawrence is an English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, literary critic and painter, who Tennessee Williams followed him in attaching a cosmic significance to sexual intercourse and the audience and critics that initially saw his “preoccupation” with sex and violence as perversion.
Tennessee Williams protagonists are normally lonely and weak dreamers and individuals who do not belong who learn how to confront more experienced in life and stronger characters. Tennessee Williams delivers both of the attractive and unattractive qualities of two types of people, but along side with it he has critics agree that he identifies more with the “lost souls”. Later in Tennessee Williams’s plays he manages the universal critical and famous approval of the first two, several works form the 1940s and the 1950s are considered as significant achievements in the American Drama. In Summer and Smoke (1948), Tennessee Williams continues to further his searching for the tension between the spirit and the flesh in Summer Smoke and worships the life-affirming power of sexuality.
In The Night of the Iguana, Tennessee Williams stated “how to get beyond despair and still live”, was one of his last plays to win a major prize and also began the bearer of news of Williams’s period of the critical and popular favor.
Tennessee Williams demonstrates a triangular love plot line in his plays Summer and Smoke and The Night at the Iguana.
The women Tennessee Williams' introduce are a fragile assortment and who are easily look down on and easily damaged. Just a few characters in the play are extremely knowledgeable in lacking judgment like Maxine is in The Night at the Iguana or Alma at the end of Summer and Smoke. Just a few characters are very recognizably human like Alma Winemiller in the begging of Summer and Smoke, whose particular wrongheadedness and vulnerability are as touching as a combination as the playwright that has ever been
written.
In Summer and smoke, the female victims were disappointing, not only because of the play being overshadowed by the mammoth triumph of A Streetcar Named Desire, but in addition because many critics felt that Williams’ highlighted theme and symbol to the disadvantage of the character development. The actor must maintain the play’s symbolism, in which rotates around the conflict between the two; the flesh and the spirit. This gives the audience a small delight when it is way too transparent.
Another major criticism of Williams play Summer and Smoke is the essential and surprising character transformation that was taken on by Alma Winemiller and the protagonist John. John is a young doctor who came back to his home town where Alma lives to hopefully follow his father’s footsteps, but he has no morals when it comes to partying, drinking, and having sexual relations. His sexual freedom is held higher than his moral principles. John draws the corresponding of Alma changing from a woman who is committed to herself and her morals and focuses on her qualities and achievements that she can aspire. She is devoted to love, has a duty, honor, and sexual abstinence, to become one, and being torn by greedy desires and inner longings.
All though a lot of the play Summer and Smoke’s criticism have commonly to prove something wrong. The majority of critics sometimes miss the point of Alma’s character, which is symbolic and personifies a female victim in a society where the characteristic of rule is by men.
Tennessee Williams completely develops the characters into symbols in the figurative drama from end to end Alma Winemiller, who is preside over by her soul, and is set in the opposition to the bodily flesh, which is portrayed by John Buchanan. Alma and John both are the complete opposite of each other. Both Alma and John are incomplete characters to each other who automatically desire to have a little of what the other person symbolize. Alma, who has since childhood been in love with John, cannot possibly persuade John to view life as the way she sees it, in her eyes. While John cannot get Alma to see life as simply satisfying as one’s necessary sexual natural feeling.
To make the changes in Alma and John obvious Williams actually divides the play into halves, part one: A Summer (without Alma’s fire), and part two: A Winter (with the kindling of Alma’s fire) reinforces the conflict between spirit and flesh. Both of the significant occurrences in the two sections begin to strengthen the duality between the human flesh and the spirit. On the Independence Day, which is the bearer of news, Alma and John are reuniting as young adults, and Christmas, which is the representation of them both their parting of in different ways. This is their final good bye.
Tennessee Williams describes on the society’s double standard were men are expected to “spread their wild oats”, but if women, who are the pillars of our society, have chosen the path, which is viewed as scandalous.
Donald Spoto points out that the duality is a part of everyone’s inner nature, and extreme character transformation in Summer and Smoke shouldn’t have been viewed as unnatural. Spoto also reminds the reader that Tennessee Williams’ own personality is very common with the double aspects of what the wild and the sensitive is. Also Tennessee Williams repetitively acknowledge his internal disagreement among his Puritan leanings and his Cavalier penchant.
Donald Spoto also continues to express that the two main characters in the play, Summer and Smoke, Alma and John, are hopeless in relating to the disconnection because of the mark that is exceptionally usual in Tennessee Williams’ writings, where “. . . balanced unions between the right mates are very rare indeed”.
Leonard Berkman argues that the criticism about Alma’s severe character change from the spirit to the flesh is unsubstantiated because it was not very uncommon for a strict moral an religiously principled white southern women of the twentieth century to go through a drastic transformation which was similar to Alma’s by being extremely morally wrong, I Alma’s case, to make obvious that their unrestraint from the social system where men are the dominate begins.
Robert F. Gross make obvious how Tennessee Williams works to create both and to break up the two parts in the play, Summer and Smoke. All through the post modern breakdown, Gross also face up to and dismisses beforehand held the perception of the play’s innocence and balance.
Jacob H. Adler suggests that Summer and Smoke puts on a considerably and has a greater depth as it moves further than the conflict between the body and the soul which then extends its limitations on to symbolize the enriching metaphor of the South.
Williams’s most famous and comprehensive theme is the effect of an uncompromisingly competitive society on sensitive characters like The Reverend Shannon and Hannah Jelkes, The Night of The Iguana 1961, and Alma Winemiller, Summer and Smoke, both social outcasts in society.
Similar to the theme of the outcast is that the poet-artist. Laura owns her own collection of glass animals, Tom is with his poetry, and Alma an extraordinary delicacy of Tennessee Williams’s female protagonist who makes diametrically opposed the conflict between the body and the mind as one. The punishment for the love-hate duality in the fated destiny of the artist, who in fact is frequently, portrays in Darwinians descriptions of easily broken human beings emotional feelings being torn apart by the one whom they find more to be the one.