How Did The Civil War Began

I. The Civil War Begins a. Confederates Fire on Fort Sumter i. Fort Sumter was a southern fort that remained in unions control ii. Lincoln declared her would neither reinforce Fort Sumter nor abandon it. 1. Next Jefferson Davis chose to attack Sumter which started the war a. Fort Sumter fell b. Virginia seceded b. Americans Expect a Short War iii. Union and confederate Strategies 2. The Union had enormous advantages in resources, manpower, factories, food, and transportation 3. The Confederacy had other advantages, such as their cotton sale which provided profits in the world market, also soldiers were more motivated
iv. Anaconda Plan 4. Union navy would blockage southern ports 5. Split Confederacy in 2 6. Capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia v. Bull Run 7. 3 months after Fort Sumter Union soldiers marched toward Richmond and met near a little creek named Bull run. c.
Lincoln commanded an attack d. Confederate general gained the nickname Stonewall Jackson, and won the battle c. Union Armies in the West vi. Lincoln drafted 500,000 men to serve 3 years instead of 3 months, 3 days later he called for an additional 500,000 men. 8. He also appointed General George McClellan to lead this new Union army vii. Forts Henry and Donelson 9. Union army invade western Tennesse under Ulysses S. Grant e. Successful for Union viii. Shiloh 10. Grant gathered his troops in Shiloh after victory and Fort Henry and Donelson f. Confederate surprise-attacked the Union, Grant ordered a counter attack the following day and the Confederate retreated ix. Farragut on the lower Mississippi 11. David G. Farragut was the navy leader of the Union and seized New Orleans and then later much of lower Mississippi g. Between Grant and Farragut, the Union achieved the goal of splitting the Confederacy in 2

d. The War for the Capitals x. McClellan marched an army toward Richmond and met another Confederate army commanded by Robert E.
Lee. 12. Lee defended Richmond and heading north xi. Antietam 13. After the Confederate victory at Second Bull Run they crossed the Potomac into Maryland. 14. Union found Lee’s battle plans, they found out the army was split in half at the moment so Union attacked h. Resulted in Antietam i. Battle was a standoff, south lost ¼ army however i. Lincoln fired McClellan II. The Politics of War e. Proclaiming Emancipation xii. Emancipation Proclamation 15. Lincoln issued a proclamation j. It did not free any slaves immediately, because it applied to only areas behind Confederate lines, outside Union control, gave war a purpose f. Britain Remains Neutral xiii. Britain bought Northern wheat and corn, did not recognize southern states as Confederacy 16. Sold south ships however g. Copperheads – Northerners who wanted peace with south h. Conscription – a draft that would force certain members of population to serve in army i. Bounties – Northern states offered volunteers cash payments called bounties III. Life During Wartime j. African Americans Fight for Freedom xiv. African-American Soldiers 17. Neither Union nor the Confederacy accepted African Americans as soldiers upon launch of Civil War k. In 1862, Congress passed a law allowing African Americans to serve in the military ii. However, it was only after Emancipation Proclamation that full scale enlistment occurred 18. 1% of North’s population as African-American, 10% of North’s military was African-American 19. African-Americans usually could not rise above the rank of captain, and they served in separate regiments xv. Slave Resistance in the Confederacy 20. As the Union advanced into Confederacy territory, slaves fled behind Union lines for freedom 21. Slaves sabotaged plantations or did not perform work properly k. The War Affects Regional Economies xvi. Southern Shortages 22. Confederacy faced food shortages due to: l. Lack of men outside military m. Loss of slaves on plantations n. Union occupied many food growing areas 23. Average family went from spending $6.65 a month on food to $68 xvii. Northern Economic Growth 24. War was effective for northern economy o. Army’s need for shoes, guns, and other supplies supported factories, coal mines, and others iii. The living standard declines due to wages not keeping up with prices and men not working in factories 1. Women replaced the majority of men who were in the military in the factories l. Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides xviii. Lives on the Line 25. Most soldiers who were not in battle lived in trash with spoiled rations, and human excrement everywhere. p. Garbage disposal was unheard of in camps due to soldiers uncleanliness xix. Prisons 26. Condition of prisons were horrible compared to army camps q. Prisons in the north were slightly better than south however xx. Working to Improve Conditions 27. Soon after Fort Sumter fell, a group of Northern women and doctors created the United States Sanitary Commission r. It improved the hygienic conditions of army camps and recruited trained nurses s. The Commissions seemed to be a huge success in improving the living conditions during the war xxi. Clara Barton 28. At the start of the war she worked as a clerk in the U.S. Patent Office t. First woman to do so 29. She collected and distributed supplies and dug bullets out of soldiers bodies u. The south did not have a sanitation commission or anyone helping as much as Clara Barton iv. However, Confederacy has many women volunteering to help 2. Overall, the nation benefitted from the courageous work of these woman IV. The North Takes Charge m. Sherman- Grant appointed Sherman to control segment of army after victory at Vicksburg xxii. He marched through Georgia toward the sea n. Lincoln won election of 1864, despite his doubts o. South surrended at Appomattox xxiii. Terms were generous