The Olmecs were considered to be the first pre-classic civilization in Mesoamerica that flourished in the year C. 1500 to 300 BCE who lived in the Tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico. The word Olmec comes from Aztec origin meaning “people of the rubber country”. The Olmecs were the first civilization to practice ritualistic bloodletting and played the Mesoamerican ballgame, Pok-A-Tok. Ivan van Sertima was born January 26, 1935 was a linguist, literary critic, an anthropologist and an Associate professor of African studies at Rutgers University. In 1977, he published, through Random House publishing, the book They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America, a detailed documentation of analogies between the Olmecs and the African culture before the time of Columbus. This topic has been much debated in the historical community, with some historians agreeing and disagreeing with his claim.…
-from the beginning, Mali rulers were Muslims who fostered the spread of Islam among the political and trading elite of the empire…
Once upon a time there was a young man named Muhammad who was 18 years old. He was one of the youth that lived amongst the nomadic tribe in Ghana. They were well known for griot storytelling mainly about his great ancestors and their relationships with the kings of Ghana and Mali. One night when a member of the clan was telling Muhammad about the story of Sundiata, the first king of Mali and how he organized a powerful army and captured the former capital of Ghana, Muhammad, was very intrigued. They talked about how Sundiata expanded beyond Ghana’s old border and was a great force. When Sundiata fell a new leader named Mansa Musa who was Muslim and had spread Islam came into power. The story…
The Opportunistic Sultan, Mansa Musa, attempted to create a false legacy of himself for future generations, that he was an extremely generous man, the “richest and most king in all the land” (Document F), who made the most exotic pilgrimage of all time just for his religion, as he would have not been remembered at all if he did not make his hajj, and making it would gain trade partners (which would gain Mali money in the long-run). Mali Sultan Mansa Musa, is another historical figure that is only remembered because of misconceptions he created, in order to glorify…
The Arab conquest of North Africa in the seventh and early eighth centuries placed an outlook for increasing contacts between Arabs and Black Africans. The Arabs began to cross the Sahara and when they arrived they found thriving kingdoms in position. Then Ghana (modern Mali), one of the largest sub-Saharan kingdoms, was found about 300 C.E. By the ninth century Ghana was a partner and rival of the northern Berbers for control of Saharan trade; traded thought these routes were gold, slaves, hides, and ivory in exchange for copper, silver, metal goods, horses, dried fruit, cloth, and salt. By the eleventh century traders from the north invited people from the south to adopt their religion and came to establish new communities of faith and good works. The common people were not affected until the nineteenth century, leading traders and rulers to begin to convert to Islam. Around 1235 the Keita kings of Mali had greater access to the Niger River so they exceeded Ghana in importance. Therefore, Mali’s founding king, Sundiata, encouraged his people to accept Islam and Sundiata became a national epic about the tale of the king,…
The Western African region has had many different empires come and go, but there are three that stand out the most. The Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires are very famous in the Western African region because of the cultural significance they had. These three empires had immense control over the gold mines and trade and so therefore the territories had a surplus in gold. They had so much gold that they would trade it for something as little and common as the spice salt. The kingdoms started out as accepting of Islam but mainly kept to their indigenous religion; however, we were able to see the boom in Islam over time.…
The prominent figure I am profiling is Sundiata Keita, born in 1217 CE in Niani, Guinea. Sundiata was the founder of the Mali empire in western Africa, he is still regarded today as the great Magical-king and a national hero. After becoming king, Sundiata would affect many thing’s throughout Mali’s history from it’s geography to it’s science, technology, and culture. Many of these things he affected still have an influence on the country of Mali today. Sundiata’s road to becoming king was a difficult one as he struggled with a disability as a boy.…
Mali may not be a location individuals typically think about or have a vast knowledge of, especially if it is knowledge on ancient Mali. Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali by D.T. Niane is a fascinating collection of history and stories of ancient Mali told by a griot, which is a history keeper and storyteller. This book is centered around Sundiata, the son of Maghan Kon Fatta and Sogolom Kedjou. The compilation of tales shows the growth and evolution of himself, from being a small crippled boy who could not walk, to a strong successful king who rules over much land.…
Another similarity in the rise of the Mongol Empire and the Mali Empire was their cultural development through trade. The Mongol Empire controlled the Silk roads and therefore became a center of trade since as they controlled where massive trading between cultures took place. The Mali Empire was a major source and trade hub of gold. This allowed them to trade with Islamic people and eventually adopted Islam as a predominant religion.…
Sundiata: An Old Epic of Mali is a verbal tale of the conquest and history of one of Mali’s great rulers- Sundiata, whose mother’s life I argue served as a premonition of how Sundiata’s destiny would play out. Early in the story we learn of the Maghan Kon Fatta and how his greatness as a natural ruler spread superseded his own realm of dominion into the neighboring cities. Sundiata in his own life has always had the blessing of seeing both sides of any situation. In the Sundiata’s parents, he was given the opportunity to help his mother fulfill her life’s mission to raise a king, however only after we learned how earlier on in the story, Sundiata brought shame to his mother, embarrassment so deep that she felt she would never be able to overcome.…
West African kingdoms maintained their power through the accumulation of wealth and the infusion of new ideas from the Trans-Saharan trade. Within the Trans-Saharan trade, West African kingdoms traded their gold for North African salt, a scarce resource in the West (McKay 236, 240). Trading gold for salt boosted the West African economy and made North Africans dependent on West Africa for trade, helping them maintain power and status. Beginning in Mali and later in Songhai, the West African kingdoms utilized their power over the Trans-Saharan trade routes to tax Berber merchants' goods (McKay 240; Hamilton 5). Taxes went directly to the reigning king and the kingdom, gaining significant wealth and helping maintain economic power.…
Women roles in Mali and Aztec society were very much different. Women in the Mali Empire generally had more opportunities open to them than did their counterparts in other lands did. Women influenced public affairs and even participated actively in both local and…
Imperialization came about through the necessity of resources for industrialization and began in the 19th century when industrial progress drove nations to search for new markets for their products. The competition that was fueled by these nations would have lead to all out war without treaties and agreements being made on the side of the conquerors, however, at no time did they consider the desires of the conquered. They did not just claim land, but create social structures similar to theirs, which they believed superior. Many Europeans believed that these “savages” should be civilized and in many cases a group of humanitarians brought in their christian god. These Ethnocentric attitudes led to beliefs of racism and a superiority the…
How has the scramble for Africa affected Africans? Europeans have always been known to take over many territories. For example, the British have expanded their empire to Australia, Asia, and even the Americas. Although these changes have made what the world is today, nothing has changed more than Africa. Before Colonialism occurred, Africa traded with other parts of the world for centuries (RP #1). In the nineteenth century, the Europeans started to notice that Africa could be a “gold mine” for their own economy. As more Europeans started to invade Africa, much of Imperialism took place. The two main reasons for Imperialism and Colonialism in Africa were for trade and territorial control.…
Ghana soon began to fall, people who were under their control fought for the control of the lucrative trade. Mali was established in 1235 by Sundiata. Male became rich off of the Saharan trade routes. King Moses controlled Gao and Timbuktu his power extended also to the Taghaza salt mines. According to document 9 “ They put their children in chains if they show any backwardness in memorizing it, and they are not set free until they have it by heart”(304).It basically means that the power that they had over other people also were towards their children which…