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To what extent were the violent disturbances in Ireland during the 20th century a result of the actions of militant Republican organisation?
This essay will show the extent to which the actions of Republican organisation caused violent in Ireland during 19000 and 2000. There will be shown several factors of the causes such as Easter Rising in 1916 and Economic failures in Ireland. All the factors that would be discussed are related to the outbreak of the republican organisation.
The 'Troubles' broke out in Northern Ireland in 1969. There are different factors to this event. The "Troubles" was mainly because of a division between nationalists and unionists in Northern Ireland many of the nationalists were catholic and many of the unionists were protestant. These divisions were because of fear, ignorance and misunderstanding. Therefore many years there has been a conflict in Northern Ireland between the Unionists and the Nationalists. The argument was over whether Ireland should be one nation ruled by its own government or whether Northern Ireland should be separate and governed by Britain.
The famine was the most tragic and significant event in Irish history and one of the worst human disasters of the nineteenth century. On the other hand the Population was increasing rapidly and reached eight million by 1841, two-thirds of who depended on agriculture. This resulted into reduction in the population by more than two million due to starvation, disease, and emigration to Britain and North America.’’ In 1741 that killed one quarter of a million people’’(1). This historical economic problem remained a memory into Ireland because it suggests it was a long cause problem in Ireland’s economy this was due to allot of suffering from the failure of the famine. This was one factor that out broke the troubles because of their history events in their economy which remained anger in their mind of what happened in the past which they would use as their excuse for their outbreak.
During the 20th century the economy of Ireland might have been one factor of the troubles rise because of the constant conflicts between the Catholics and the Protestants which were the two main communities within Ireland. The main focus in the economy problem is on employment and unemployment between the two this was due to social consequence issue. ‘’ 16% of Catholics and 10% of Protestants consider their housing unsatisfactory’’ (3) which shows that the living standard towards the Catholics was not as good as the protestants. There is clear evidence that there were much poverty and insecurity within working class especially amongst the Catholics because unemployment was the main cause of poverty. ‘’ the Protestants hold most the jobs such as scientific and technical because the Catholics education wasn’t as far as the Protestants’’ (3). This resulted into bad financial situation for the Catholics because they were leading a bad conditioned lifestyle which meant one reason for the rise of the troubles where the Catholics had enough of being treated as second class society by the Protestants and that it was time to fight for their position in the society.
Northern Ireland: ‘The economic situation of Catholics and Protestants’ by Bob Rowthorn (9)
HistoryToday- coming to terms with past: Northern Ireland (8) http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ (1) http://www.english-online.at/history/northern-ireland/northern-ireland-troubles-and-conflict.htm (2)
The Easter rising in 1916 was one factor which caused violent outbreak in Ireland during 1900-2000. This involved groups such as the Irish republican brothers (IRB) where certain sections of the Irish population lost all faith in the British government because they couldn’t provide enough support in matters of Home Rule issues. As a result this issue caused violent outbreak in 1916. The British Army was deployed in Northern Ireland in 1969 in order to protect Nationalist areas from Loyalist Attack ‘Troops were needed, they said, because, with riots sweeping the streets’ their aim to reduce violence in Dublin in August 1969 that was created by the Unionist who went against Catholics. However the loyalist Ulster Volunteer force (UVF) began to use violence to 'protect the Protestant community’ (3) from the Provisional IRA and also launched their own offensive against Catholics and against the Irish Republic. This worried the Irish government because the Provisional IRA was rapidly growing by 1971 and would soon have the ability to fight a significant war in Northern Ireland. The British troops on the other side didn’t take any actions against the violent organisation such as UVF but instead they were harassing the Catholics more. This shows that the British Troops carried on by acting aggressive towards the Catholics where their harsh living condition became worse for the Catholics like they didn’t had a complicated life enough by the Protestants.
In 1971 the British government introduced internment which was one factor to be the cause of the outbreak of violent in Ireland. This was introduced by Stormont to try and vanish political oppositional groups particular Provisional IRA. Internment is the arrest and imprisonment of suspects without charges being brought this was to reduce violent. The Catholics were affected mostly ‘’340 Catholics were immediately interned - not a single Protestant was interned for 7 months’’ (9). This resulted an increase support for the IRA because the Catholics joined. One reason why the Catholics joined was because they were getting treated differently therefore more people joined terrorist groups which caused more violent took place.
The British Government caused in 1972 another factor of violent outbreak which was the ‘political statuses. This status was referred as ‘political prisoners’ ‘(2) by the IRA. The prisoners were granted in special categories where they didn’t allow them to interact with other inmates who have different case of crime. This gave a separation between the prisoners. They were also no allowed to wear prison uniforms where they had to life their own life and they called this ‘’prisoners of war’’ (2). This shows that it was the cause of the British government who caused the violent because they gave the prisoners to lead a
Northern Ireland: ‘The economic situation of Catholics and Protestants’ by Bob Rowthorn (9) http://www.english-online.at/history/northern-ireland/northern-ireland-troubles-and-conflict.htm (2) http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Ireland_society__economy_1912-49 (3)

‘’ordinary life’’ whereas they carried out many crimes e.g killing before their imprisonment. This made the public people become frustrated because they lost their relatives and the punishment for the killer isn’t harsh.
The number of violent incidents in the province increased dramatically after the arrival of British troops. At first the troops were welcomed by the catholic population but later they became bitterly opposed. The most incident was ‘bloody Sunday’ in January 1972 when 13 Catholics demonstrators were shot dead by the British troops. Therefore many Catholics of Belfast and Londonderry, supported the paramilitary groups such as the IRA who began a terror within the province. ‘’Bombs exploded in pubs, hotels and cars in 1974, a series of civilian bombings, resulting in large-scale loss life in the UK’’ (10). This was because the terrorist attacks spread itself in Britain and it was their first target due to what happened as cause of Bloody Sunday.
In 1972 Northern Ireland association march had organised a protest against the internment together with thousands of people they protested to ‘’ free Derry’’. ‘’ Estimates on the number of marchers vary from 3,000 to 30,000 but the crowd was said to be largely peaceful and in good spirits.’’ (12). The crowd started off the march in a peaceful way but the British soldiers didn’t take it in a peaceful way. The Parachute regiment were ordered to move in and arrest many of the rioters. As a result the parachutes opened fired on the crowd and killed ‘’13 people’’ and ‘’ the dead were all men’s’’ (12). As result the British army became very quickly the ‘’bad boys’’ (4). Therefore it were British government who out broke the violent in Ireland because the reaction toward the open firing became was seen as murder this is been shown by ‘’the people of Bogside saw it as murder’’ (11). This shows that this was one of the other cause why the militant Republican organisation out broke violence.
The British government increased more violent during the 20th century because it led to protest carried out by Irish prisoners such as the blanket protest which resulted into hunger strike and gave allot of support to the violent organisation. ‘’ its complete withdrawal in 1980 led to protest by Republican prisoners in the ‘’H-Block’’ prison culminated in a hunger strike by prisoners which resulted in deaths of 10 prisoners’’ (2). The British government focused more on how to punish prisoners where the matters of Ireland did not solve because their focus was more on how to increase the discipline in the jail.
Northern Ireland: ‘Troubling Brewing’ by Landon Hancock (10)
Group Perception and politics (11) http://www.historyinanhour.com/2012/01/30/bloody-sunday-1972-summary/ (12) http://www.start.umd.edu/start/data_collections/tops/terrorist_organization_profile.asp?id=55 (4)
On the other hand, it was the Republican militants caused violent during the 20th century in Ireland because they were carrying out with violent attacks in 1972, ‘’ 149 police army were shot death’’ (10) that forced the British government act in a brutal way towards the Irish people. Therefore the British government took many responsibilities to take over power to not allow the IRA get bigger and stronger because they saw that the prisoners were supporting the IRA this was because they got furious of the violent outbreak of Bloody Sunday. The ‘’IRA prisoners supported Bobby Sand with his hunger strike and showed to the British government that there was immense support for the IRA’’ (11) where that they stood up for the election to make Bobby Sands become the MP. This increased further violent as it created a conflict ideas in the parliament and to make it more result into violent Seine Fein continued with violent activities because he had to make a decision on who to become the Westminster parliament.
The other terrorist group that caused violent in Ireland during the 20th century was the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA). This organisation was against the British influence in Ireland. ‘’ Threw a time bomb into Springfield Road British Army/RUC base in Belfast, killing British Army Sergeant Michael Willetts’’ (13). To get rid of the British influence they had to use violent tactics in order to get rid of them forever. Therefore the PIRA is also responsible for the outbreak violent in Ireland because they used aggressive motives towards the British Government whereas in ordered they had to bring peace into Ireland but they didn’t. The British didn’t get too much involved with the organisation because they didn’t wanted to create larger violent for themselves.
The other organisation that caused violent in Northern Ireland in 20th century was the Royal Ulster Organisation (RUC) who armed together with the British army in order to prevent the IRA. The RUC was the police force of Northern Ireland and had a significant number of Catholic members but the force was increasingly made up of member of the Protestant community. In 1982 the ‘’shooting to kill’’ policy was being undertaken by the force by claiming to kill the number of the IRA members. ‘’ November 1982, three members of the IRA were shot and killed by the RUC’’(10). This made the IRA start to take violent activities against the RUC and the British army in order to take revenge ‘’ 1985 nine RUC officers killed as the result of IRA mortar bomb attack on a police station in Newy’’(11). This increased violent in Ireland because the IRA carried on with their violent attacks to take revenge on the RUC and the British army whereas the RUC used violent approach in order to reduce violent coming from the IRA.
Group Perception and politics (11)
Northern Ireland: ‘Troubling Brewing’ by Landon Hancock (10) https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army.html (13) http://www.royalulsterconstabulary.org/history2.htm (14)

From all the factors that are being explained it’s been interpreted that the IRA activities were the main cause of the outbreak of the militant group in Ireland. No matter how many organisations went against them they didn’t lose the defeat but became stronger and more violent. They used allot of self defence such guns and using the ‘’shoot to kill’’ policy. The IRA member influence over the North Ireland became increasingly high in their support. The IRA used many violent attacks in Ireland where they were the main cause of the Trouble outbreak. ‘’October 1993, one person planted a bomb and as result 58 were killed where the IRA bomb exploded at the fish shop on Shankil Road,Belfast’’(14) just because the Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF) were holding a meeting in a room above. This shows that the IRA was increasing violent further into Northern Ireland.

http://www.royalulsterconstabulary.org/history2.htm (14)

Bibliography http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ (1) http://www.english-online.at/history/northern-ireland/northern-ireland-troubles-and-conflict.htm (2) http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Ireland_society__economy_1912-49 (3) http://www.start.umd.edu/start/data_collections/tops/terrorist_organization_profile.asp?id=55 (4)

David Mckitrack and David Mcvee
Making Sense of the Troubles, statistics society 1921-63 (5)
Marian Elliot
‘’When God took sides’’ religion identity in Ireland.
Oxford university press 2009 (6)

HistoryToday- When God took sides: Religion and identity in Ireland (7)
HistoryToday- coming to terms with past: Northern Ireland (8)
Northern Ireland: ‘The economic situation of Catholics and Protestants’ by Bob Rowthorn (9)
Northern Ireland: ‘Troubling Brewing’ by Landon Hancock (10)
Group Perception and politics (11)

http://www.historyinanhour.com/2012/01/30/bloody-sunday-1972-summary/ (12) https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army.html (13)

http://www.royalulsterconstabulary.org/history2.htm (14)