In Chapter 1, the author assesses the unique and eternal achievements of 5th century BCE Athenian culture. She introduces several basic dichotomies that define her understanding of the writers and events of the period in the later chapters.…
Kahn’s quote does hold true about Judeo-Christian society and Greco-Roman societies. In the nature of Judeo-Christian society, nothing is already predetermined everything is up to the choices that you make and the outcomes of those choices you make. In the instance of Adam and Eve, once they ate the fruit, they became aware of the society around them and it made them realize what they had done. Cain and Abel, Cain realized what he did after God had found out and made him suffer the eternal punishment. While in comparison, it is important to realize that there is no good and evil in Greco-Roman societies. In the Iliad, Thersites is verbally and physically assaulted by Odysseus, for speaking against the king, Agamemnon. In Judeo-Christian society this would have been viewed as morally wrong for public shaming for someone who speaks the truth. In the case of Prometheus and Zeus, Prometheus was doing his job as creator of the humans to give them fire back and make sure they are able to survive. Zeus focused more on that Prometheus defied him rather than and punished all those involved because the gods did not focus on intention rather they believed in a rigid set of…
attempt to fight Scylla despite when she takes six of your men, however Odysseus endeavored to…
Throughout Greek mythology Prometheus is known as the fire bearing Titan who rebelled against Zeus and saved the world from his curse of a heatless and lightless punishment. Like wise, Equality in Anthem also rebels against his government in response to seeing the corruption within it. These similarities show how their lives exemplify the ideal of individualism. Furthermore, Gaea, the goddess of earth, is comparable with The Golden One from Anthem; both would be seen as the beginning of a new race. In particular, Prometheus and Equality’s trails and experiences correlate to each other and elicit the motives behind their audacious actions. Ultimately, Ayn Rand changes the names of her characters to Prometheus and Gaea as their lives parallel the lives of Equality and the Golden One both with similar trials and sacrifices for the sake of mankind. Prometheus and Equality’s rebellion are similar. They both passionately desire prosperity for their human race and are willing to rebel against a higher power to achieve it. Initially, their rebellion against a higher power is quite similar: “The rebel Prometheus, who had taken such a personal risk for mankind, now was faced with getting the fire back down to earth.” (Pontikis; Prometheus; Mythology’s Original Rebel). Furthermore, Equality rebelled against the higher power that threatened his humanity: “ ‘You fools!’ we cried. ‘You fools!’ ‘You thrice-damned fools!’” (Rand, page 75). Here Equality calls the highest power, the Council of the Scholars, “Thrice-damned fools” because they reject his offering to humanity. Later, Equality vows to protect his chosen brothers and start a new rebellion race that would be based off individualism and loyalty. He wanted to create a new race of humans, a race that would be superior to the people that he grew up with. He would add things that would make them like gods relative to that of the past humans, such as individualism and…
In Greek mythology, there are many stories pertaining to divine vengeance and mortals. There are many different reasons as to why the gods penalize humans, and likewise, an assortment of punishments cast down upon these offenders. Throughout the book, Powell gives many examples of the wrath of the gods and the differences in their punishment styles based on their gender. Male gods do not usually punish male offenders with a quick and easy death. They prefer to use a more prolonged and torturous style of punishment; where as female gods use a quick, more destructive punishment that affects more than just the offenders themselves.…
Historians agree that “it appears that the ancient world had settled on no common denominator for his true status” because of his ability to be both mortal and immortal at various times (Suhr 254). Hercules experienced pain and slavery in ways that other gods did not, such as with the case of Omphale or the king (Lopez-Ruiz). Even his parentage is questioned and up for debate, sometimes claiming him as the direct child of Hera and Zeus because of her feeding of him as a babe and the lack of malevolence towards Hercules when he finally is welcomed on Olympus (Loraux 131). This juxtaposition though seemingly unrelated to humanity as a whole, reflects humans’ divine characteristics over the earth, having the ability to destroy or save the planet along with the animals and other people who live. Like Hercules’, humans have been called gods throughout history for their varying abilities that other natural creatures fail to have. In presenting Hercules’ story as a inconsistency as a god and as a human, there is a scope placed on humanity that begs the question: what is a human and what is a god? The differences between the two though vast, seem small in comparison to the distances between animal and man or plants and animals. Hercules’ represents that humanity is qualified for divine and earthly…
It is possible to explain some but not all the features of Philon’s account through considering it as an amalgam of Ugaritic and Hesiodic elements. By approaching the piece with the idea that it is an amalgam of the two may cause the reader to miss out on the unique differences the texts has. For example, Kronos punishes his father not to succeed him but “in defense of his mother” (54). This differs from the other text where the main motivation is to succeed one's father. In addition, in Hesiod's Theogany Zeus is the father of Athena while in Philon’s account Athena is the child of Kronos. These are just a few differences and there are others as well. Although it may seem the similarities outweigh the differences the differences make it impossible…
Due to the fact that there has been and forever will be a debate concerning the level of importance of man, human identity is rendered impossible to completely understand. The direct result of this debate is that there is no conclusion reached as to who the human beings truly are and what their universal importance may be.…
Ancient Greece was a civilization that set many precedents. One of the most notable earmarks of Ancient Greece is It’s mythology. Though not the only polytheistic culture, Greece is one of the most prominently thought of cultures when referring to Gods and Goddesses. The deities of ancient Greece held a huge sphere of influence in their culture. The Gods and Goddesses affected many aspects of everyday life. These myths became their religious and spiritual foundations. “In ancient Greece, a myth was not simply a story, or a tale, rich in religious and poetic meanings, but rather a body of scientific knowledge about the world and a normative conception of human beings” (Javier Lopez Frias, Isadora,Hadjistephanou Papaellina).…
The Ovidian opinion of human nature is that humans will always do something wrong. When this wrong-doing offends one or more of the gods, the punishment typically results in negative changes in the person’s life, and often their ruin or death. In the myths Ovid presents in his Metamorphoses, the wrong-doing is brought about in one of three ways. The first of these ways is by an act of the gods, seen in the myths of Io and Tiresias. The second way is through bad luck, as we see in the myth of Actaeon. The third and final of the ways the wrong-doing comes about is through intentional wrong-doing, in which the humans choose an action that they know is offensive to the gods, as we see in the myths of Lycaon and Pentheus.…
For my research paper I chose to explore and analyze instances of the great Greek/Roman hero, Heracles (Hercules), appearing in popular culture and the effect his myths had on early civilizations. Considered by most to be the greatest of the Greek folk heroes, Hercules was the embodiment of masculinity and physical power. The word “herculean” literally translates into “having enormous strength, courage, or size” (dictionary.com.) Since their inception, the myths and legends of Hercules have been immensely popular and have had vast influences on people and cultures throughout the world. Over the next few pages I will attempt to compare and contrast several examples of Hercules’ representation in pop culture with the underlying myths that are being depicted. I will also piece in the undeniable influence these myths have had on people throughout history.…
In conclusion, it is evident that the civilization of Greece can be analyzed through the perspectives of different authors. The Iliad by Homer and The Histories by Herodotus describes the civilization of Greece from a transformation of a shame culture to a guilt culture. In the Iliad individuals are publicly shamed for not conforming to the societal norms. However, in the Histories individuals begin to feel guilty for acting in a manner that is against the moral code. According to Thucydides, increment in power on one state allows it to oppress the weaker…
Known today as the "Nature versus Nurture" debate, the question of human social conduct and character development has remained a topic of interest for many philosophical discussions. Centered around the natural and socially constructed, ancient Greeks referred to this debate as physis versus nomos is individual behavior a primary product of custom and convention or absolute natural fact? Greek mythology addresses this dichotomy of mankind through scenarios of interaction between man and the supernatural. The juxtaposition and/or separation of physis and nomos in this way is found in many myths, an overt strategy that is used to convey Greek ideas of inherent moral responsibility.…
Prometheus began his journey as a demi-god that “sided with Zeus in the war with the Titans” and helped bring about victory (Edith Hamilton, 71). Forethought, the meaning of Prometheus’ name, gave him the ability to see things before they happened and bestowed more wisdom “than the gods” to him (Hamilton, 71). Due to his brother’s error and without Zeus’ permission, Prometheus took upon the task of creating mankind. That creation angered Zeus because he realized how much love Prometheus had for the people and not for gods. As a warning to Prometheus, Zeus created women “who are an evil to men, with a nature to do evil” which in turn brought suffrage to all men (Hamilton, 74). When Prometheus realized that his people were suffering and because he favored mankind more than anything else he stole fire from the heavens and gifted it to them. He allowed his hubris to drive him further into doing more for the humans and less for the gods. Failing to learn from his first mistake he repeatedly challenged Zeus, ultimately resulting in his downfall. Although the fire brought warmth and comfort to the people, they soon learned of its unseen dangers that they could not control.…
Faith is perhaps the most widely important theme in Greek mythology. For one thing, those who hear the myths must in some way believe they are true in order for them to be meaningful. Humans, not only those in the myths but also those who hear the myths, generally go even further and believe that the gods actually exist. Characters who defy or anger the gods are punished, and those who honor and praise the gods find rewards. Having faith in a prophecy is better than trying to circumvent it. Faith also appears in more nuanced situations having to do with trust and belief. Psyche, for example, cannot bear to not see her husband during the daylight, so she chooses to see Cupid in the light, against his wishes. Although eventually she redeems…