Bentham developed the idea of utilitarianism and that we all like pleasure and dislike pain. The idea of utilitarianism is we focused on…
At some point everyone has heard of torture. It could have been in a movie or on the news, but they have heard of it. In this day and age, people would like to have believed it was all behind us in the past. Then 9/11 happened, everyone’s lives were changed with one simple act of cruelty. Before 9/11 hit the U.S. in a wave of pain, panic, and anger, our viewpoints on torture would probably have been less likely that it should be allowed. The decision to torture people who are suspected of being part of terrorist groups has always been decided by the government, for the simple reason that it is required to keep us safe from harm. Some people believe that torture is cruel, unsightly and just inhumane. On the other hand there are people who see it the same way but also believe it could be necessary in extreme circumstances. We’re going to look at two different points of torture: When it is acceptable and when it is not acceptable.…
Jeremy Bentham was a philosopher, economist, atheist and social reformer. Being a social reformer means that Bentham worked to make a gradual change to society. Being an economist meant that he had knowledge in the social science and discipline of economics. Bentham was a philosopher because he studied ways of thinking about the world. This all had an impact on the way his ideas were influenced. He developed the theory known as Act Utilitarianism. His version of Utilitarianism is referred to as 'Act' Utilitarianism because it states that the principle of utility should be applied to every act performed in each unique situation. Any act is justifiable if it produces 'the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number'. By the principle of utility Bentham meant the 'usefulness' of a situation. The principle states that we should aim to achieve 'the greatest happiness for the greatest number'. Act Utilitarianism depends on each action or each individual dilemma being calculated. According to Act Utilitarianism it is the value of the consequences of the particular act that counts. In 1789 he wrote the book 'An Introduction to the principle of morals and legislation' He believed our main aim in life was to achieve 'happiness' and to avoid 'pain', he wanted to introduce this to society to maximise the amount of happiness produced in certain situations. His theory was made to drive a human being; pain v pleasure. As people are motivated by pleasure and pain is considered evil. As stated in his book: 'Nature has placed mankind under the governance of to sovereign masters, pain and pleasure'. Jeremy Bentham's theory is considered as relativistic; this means that there are no universal norms or rules and that each situation has to be looked at independently because each situation is different. It is also thought of as a teleological theory. This means that it is concerned with the end purpose or goal of an action in this case it should always be happiness. Bentham's…
Jeremy Bentham is primarily known today for his principle of utilitarianism, which assesses actions given their results. Bentham believes that an act is considered “just” if it produces the most joy and minimal pain for the best number of individuals who affected directly or indirectly by that action. On the other hand, Kant suggests that only duty and rules ought to administer our operations, as outcomes are outside our ability to control.…
8. Does Bentham endorse utilitarianism as a view about personal morality, or a view about…
Bentham’s theory Act Utilitarianism has many strengths and weaknesses. A Strength is that this theory is considers the consequences and happiness which an action has created. This is because Act Utilitarianism is a teleological theory where actions are based on results. For example if I splash cold water at someone to wake up for school this is a good action as it has good consequences because the person I splashed water on can go on to school and gain knowledge and this I will also create happiness. Another strength would be that this theory is always seeking the “Greatest Good for the Greatest Number”. For example if I was going to bomb the world with a bomb I planted in a secret location and the only way to get the information was to torture me. An Act Utilitarian would say that I should be tortured so that I could give the information on where the bomb was and this that would create the greatest good for the greatest number.…
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) developed his ethical system of utilitarianism around the idea of pleasure. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) later furthered and many believe he improved Bentham’s theory (Mill is often linked to Rule Utilitarianism) but still followed many of his original ideas. The theory is based on ancient hedonism, which pursued physical pleasure and avoided physical pain. Hedonism saw human beings as “Under the governance of two sovereign masters of pain and pleasure.” So a key concept that Bentham developed was the belief we are controlled by the desire to seek out pleasure and avoid pain bringing about the greatest happiness principle which is choosing the path that gives the greatest amount of people the greatest amount of happiness and the least amount of pain. This makes the theory eudaimonic.…
To most, torture is seen as action with a single definition that defines it, but in fact there are different types of torture that Henry Shue discusses in one of his articles. According to Shue there are rare conditions under which torture could be morally justified, but he does not endorse neither the interrogational torture not the terroristic torture. Although Shue agrees with illegality and morally wrongness of torture, he explains how one may go about defending torture and how it could possibly be morally justified.…
Very brief summary: The article ‘Using torture may be justified in extreme cases’ argues that torture should be allowed if it will save the life of another person or people.…
Alan Dershowitz details Jeremy Bentham 's utilitarian justification as a means to protect the greater good, maximizing societal benefits (Dershowitz, Blackboard pg. 1-2). In the ticking-bomb scenario, torturing the terrorist to gain information for the location and/or disposal of the bomb would be permissible because it is all in the efforts to protect the thousands of people in danger. But under this theory, the justification for torture comes at the cost of violating the terrorist’s rights and possibly providing precedence for torture to be carried out in instances that are not necessarily considered acts of terror, or even on individuals who are not terrorists themselves but related to one. Also, this scenario is prescribed with the assumption that torture is effective in ascertaining valuable information from terrorists. However, there is not a law that permits torture under any circumstances, which leads to the consideration that torture is ineffective, more or less. Nonetheless, ensuring national security is of the utmost importance as…
The case is focusing on European division of a giant multinational breakfast food company, which describes a launch decision for a new cereal product. United Cereal (UC) was established in 1910 by Jed Thomas. It was known in the industry, eventually diversified into snack foods, dairy products. By 2010 UC was a $9 billion business, but the breakfast cereals still accounted for one-third of its revenues. As the breakfast cereal trend soon set in. It was very necessary for the company to launch a new product. The company had strong values and policies, which it needed for its managers to follow. Breakfast cereal market was a potential market and there were several major competitors. With the growing demand of the ready to eat cereals, the company was now in a highly competitive industry. UC entered European market in 1952 by acquiring an English baked goods company, and then growing it by introducing products from the U.S. line. By 2009, Europe accounted for 20% of UC’s worldwide sales. But at the same time, European market was becoming a complex market to handle. The market varied to a great extent in each of these countries. There were a variety of breakfast traditions and national tastes that differed from each other. Distribution channels were also different for these countries. So Lora Brill pursue an idea which she referred to as the “Eurobrand” concept that could be adapted for product marketing. Crunch in other European markets with the Eurobrand approach, continuing with Germany and Benelux, as those countries are also in favor of Healthy Berry Crunch. At the same time the company would do the further research on other European countries and choose the countries that test results show well to launch the next. For the issue of too much cost and local customization causing differences in product profiles and market strategies would be solved as the consumer tastes in Europe are converging as…
"Create all the happiness you are able to create; remove all the misery you are able to remove." - Jeremy BenthamJeremy Bentham created the utilitarianism school of thought, which is an incredibly useful ethical position. It can be most effectively defined by Wikipedia, "Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility." Utilitarianism has many benefits, but those benefits are harmonized with some major flaws. I will discuss the founding fathers of utilitarianism, the strengths and weaknesses of act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism, other forms of utilitarianism, and recent philosophers of this school of thought.…
Number plates being robbed is becoming one of the most common headlines for a local daily. As these can be sold off in the market for a huge sum, robbers, instead of stealing other car components, tend to pry these off. In addition, the license plates are easier to remove than any other component.…
As Americans, as a nation founded on the basis of fundamental human rights, and equality for all, torture is an unacceptable and inexcusable act that degrades us as a nation and as individuals. It debases us and makes us scarcely better than those we condemn. Just as a rose by any other name will smell just as sweet, torture by any other name remains just as deplorable.…
I will explain the William Carlos Williams poems in my essay. I am going to analyze his some poems ‘’Spring And All’’, ‘’The Red Wheelbarrow’’, ‘’This Is Just To Say’’, ‘’Landscape With The Fall Of Icarus’’ and ‘’To Elsie. I will start with short entrance of imagism and Williams’ style.…