How Important Was the Role of Bismarck in the Unification of Germany?

How important was the role of Bismarck in the unification of Germany? It has been said by several historians that the second half of the nineteenth century was the ‘Age of Bismarck.’ In the mid 1800’s Bismarck provided dynamic leadership- a trait which had been lacking during the events of 1848-89. Ian Mitchell stated “Bismarck was everywhere.” However, there has been a considerable degree of debate concerning the role of Bismarck in the unification of Germany. Some argue that unification would have been inevitable and had nothing to do with Bismarck, although others argue that the unification was solely down to Bismarck’s role. There are differing opinions on whether Bismarck was a planner or an opportunist or whether he was merely just a catalyst. Bismarck also provoked neighbouring states which led to wars of unification against: Denmark and Austria. Other factors such as the role of the Prussian military, the Zollverein and Austrian weakness all had an input in the unification of Germany, as did cultural nationalism.

Bismarck’s long term aim was to unite Germany under Prussian leadership. In Prussia, King William wanted to improve his army but due to the cost of this request, the King’s plans were blocked by the Prussian Progressive Party. The King considered abdication because his request was denied; this worried many of the King’s ministers. They feared this abdication would result in the triumph of the parliament over the king. Von Roon, Minister of War suggested that Otto Van Bismarck be recalled from Paris to help solve this constitutional crisis. Bismarck resolved this crisis by announcing that since Parliament could not agree with the King that the King had power to rule himself. Bismarck claimed that the loophole in the constitution that he did not cover this kind of crisis and so the logical thing to do was to let the King decide. The budget was passed. The King was very grateful to Bismarck who was then appointed Minister-President of Prussia.