How network architecture works

My project report is on ‘how network architecture has changed over the decade’. In this report, I’d be talking about different network architecture that has been adopted over the past years. I would as well put light upon early network architecture and the advantages and disadvantages of former and why and how latter architecture were needed and adopted.

Network architecture is the design of communication network. It is the complete framework of computer network. The diagram of the network architecture provides a full picture of the established network with detailed view of all the resource accessible. It can be used to classify all the network layers step by step in logical form by describing each step in detail. The architecture is emphasized upon distributed computing environment and its complexity is next to impossible to understand without a framework.

OSI

OSI stands for Open Source Interconnection. It is an essential element of computer network design. The concept of how a modern network operates can be understood by dissecting it into seven layers. The important thing to realise is that OSI model doesn’t define a network standard, but rather provides a guidelines for the creation of network standards.

OSI reference model is important as it breaks down troubleshooting into logical problems. If one needs to troubleshoot, one should start at the lower layer and step up to the next level. By the time, troubleshooter reaches the highest level, the problem will be found.

The 7 layers of OSI model are listed below:

Physical Layer
The first/lowest layer is Physical Layer. The physical layer is what the name implies, i.e. physical components of a network. This layer is concerned with transmission and reception of unstructured raw data over physical medium. The function of physical layer is to take binary information from higher layers, translate it into transmission signal, transmit the information across transmission medium, receive this