How Osmosis Works
Question 1: How does Osmosis works It refers to the movement of water molecules from an area of high-level water concentration, that is, a dilute solution, to an area of low-level water concentration, that is, a strong solution through a semi-permeable membrane.
(Passmyexams.co.uk, 2015)
Actually, water moves in a bi-directional manner with the aim of leveling up the concentration. However, a high number of water molecules move from the fresh water towards the salty water. The outcome is a net transfer of molecules down the concentration gradient. Finally, the water levels in the lowly water concentrated side rises while that in the more-concentrated side falls. When both sides achieve equal water concentration, the net exchange becomes zero and the system is said to be at equilibrium.
Question 2: Differentiate between a hypertonic and hypotonic Solution: A hypertonic solution refers to a solution that has a higher concentration of solute molecules, that is, glucose, salt etc than that of the cell. Water molecules move across the cell membrane through osmosis to even out the solute …show more content…
concentration in both the cell and the environment around it. This makes the cell shrink as water leaves it to lower the higher solute concentration in the environment. A hypotonic solution refers to a solution that has a lower concentration of solute molecules than that of the cell. Water molecules move from the environment across the cell membrane through osmosis to balance the solute concentration. This causes the cell to swell and may at times rupture as a result of excess water intake.
Question 3: What is the Calvin Cycle The Calvin cycle refers to a group of reactions that occur and result to conversion of carbon dioxide into organic molecules required for the generation of young cells.
It takes place in the stroma, an area surrounding the thykaloid membrane. In the cycle, CO2 is added to a 5-molecule known as RuBP. The resultant 6-carbon molecule is not stable and separates into 3-carbon molecules. Using ATP energy and the reduction ability from NADPH, products of photosynthesis, the set of 3-carbon molecules undergo a series of bio-chemical reactions and are converted to 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. When several of these molecular units have been made, some merge to form glucose while others are re-utilized in the cycle. To yield a glucose molecule, the cycle has to move around severally because each turn adds a single carbon atom from any created CO2
molecule.
(Passmyexams.co.uk, 2015)
Actually, water moves in a bi-directional manner with the aim of leveling up the concentration. However, a high number of water molecules move from the fresh water towards the salty water. The outcome is a net transfer of molecules down the concentration gradient. Finally, the water levels in the lowly water concentrated side rises while that in the more-concentrated side falls. When both sides achieve equal water concentration, the net exchange becomes zero and the system is said to be at equilibrium.
Question 2: Differentiate between a hypertonic and hypotonic Solution: A hypertonic solution refers to a solution that has a higher concentration of solute molecules, that is, glucose, salt etc than that of the cell. Water molecules move across the cell membrane through osmosis to even out the solute …show more content…
concentration in both the cell and the environment around it. This makes the cell shrink as water leaves it to lower the higher solute concentration in the environment. A hypotonic solution refers to a solution that has a lower concentration of solute molecules than that of the cell. Water molecules move from the environment across the cell membrane through osmosis to balance the solute concentration. This causes the cell to swell and may at times rupture as a result of excess water intake.
Question 3: What is the Calvin Cycle The Calvin cycle refers to a group of reactions that occur and result to conversion of carbon dioxide into organic molecules required for the generation of young cells.
It takes place in the stroma, an area surrounding the thykaloid membrane. In the cycle, CO2 is added to a 5-molecule known as RuBP. The resultant 6-carbon molecule is not stable and separates into 3-carbon molecules. Using ATP energy and the reduction ability from NADPH, products of photosynthesis, the set of 3-carbon molecules undergo a series of bio-chemical reactions and are converted to 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. When several of these molecular units have been made, some merge to form glucose while others are re-utilized in the cycle. To yield a glucose molecule, the cycle has to move around severally because each turn adds a single carbon atom from any created CO2
molecule.