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How Tcp/Ip Works

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How Tcp/Ip Works
TCP/IP for IP version 4 (IPv4) is a networking protocol suite that Microsoft Windows uses to communicate over the internet with other computers. It interacts with Windows naming services like DNS and security technologies, such as IPsec primarily, as these help facilitate the successful and secure transfer of IP packets between machines.
Ideally, TCP/IP is used whenever Windows-based computers communicate over networks.
This subject describes the components of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite, the protocol architecture, which functions TCP/IP performs, how addresses are structured and assigned, and how packets are structured and routed.
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 provides extensive support for the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite, as both a protocol and a set of services for connectivity and management of IP internetworks. Knowledge of the basic concepts of TCP/IP is an absolute requirement for the proper understanding of the configuration, deployment, and troubleshooting of IP-based Windows Server 2003 and Microsoft Windows 2000 intranets.
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
TCP/IP protocols map to a four-layer conceptual model known as the DARPA model, named after the U.S. government agency that initially developed TCP/IP. The four layers of the DARPA model are: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface. Each layer in the DARPA model corresponds to one or more layers of the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model.
The following figure shows the TCP/IP protocol architecture.
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture

Note
The architectural diagram above corresponds to the Internet Protocol TCP/IP and does not reflect IP version 6. To see a TCP/IP architectural diagrm that includes IPv6, see How IPv6 Works in this technical reference.

Network Interface Layer
The Network Interface layer (also called the Network Access layer) handles placing TCP/IP packets on the network medium and receiving TCP/IP packets off the
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