We will be synthesizing synthetic banana oil, or otherwise known as isopentyl acetate. We will synthesize thie oil by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid and sulfuric acid, and heating under reflux for one hour. After this time, we will separate and purify our product via washing with sodium bicarbonate (that separates compounds via solubility properties) and distilling (that purifies via different boiling point properties of the compounds). The reaction that occurs is modeled below:…
There are millions of different organic compounds. Most of them are found in mixtures and in order to achieve a pure form they need to be separated, isolated, and purified. However, there are endless numbers of possible mixtures, which make it impossible to have a pre-designed procedure for every mixture. So chemists often have to make their own procedures. The purpose of this experiment was to prepare the student to the real world by them designing their own procedure which will help them understand the techniques of separation and purification better. The goal was to extract two of the components of the mixture that consisted of 50% benzoic acid, 40% benzoin, and 10% dibromobenzene. The benzoic acid was extracted by the use of base and extraction technique. Then a crystallization was performed in order to separate benzoin by the use of hexane a solvent, leaving the dibromobenzne in the mother liquor. The percent recovery for benzoic acid was 91.8% and 80.3% for the benzoin. The MP for benzoic acid was 119-122°C (1) and 135-136°C (2)for the benzoin. The high percent recovery and closeness of measured MP to the literature value indicate that the designed procedure was successful.…
Figure 2: IR spectrum of recovered esterfication; isopentyl acetate. Relevent peak frequencies include formation of 1743.25 of ester formation. No large abundant peak of alcohol frequencies 3400-320…
After first isolation of crude acetaminophen, 1.22g of light, brown shiny, fine Crestline solid emulated, which demonstrated slight less than 0.030g of product was lost from original 0.150g of p-aminophenol. The melting point range of crude acetaminophen ranged from 166.8-167.6°C, when compare to the known melting point of pure acetaminophen which ranged from 169.5-171°C, is slightly depressed. After decolonization of crude acetaminophen 0.060g of a very light tan/pink almost white, fine, shiny crystalline purified acetaminophen was recovered. Significant amount was lost; slightly over half was lost from 0.122g crude acetaminophen. Purified acetaminophen resulted in a much lighter coloration than the crude acetaminophen. Purified acetaminophen was slightly light tan/pink nearly white, whereas crude acetaminophen was light brown. After crystallization of acetaminophen, 0.028g of whiter, shiny, fine crystals resulted with no apparent odor. Slightly less than half of product was lost from 0.060g purified acetaminophen that was crystallized and about 0.122g was lost from the original 0.150g of p-aminophenol started with. The melting point range of the crystallized acetaminophen (166.1-169.8 °C when compared to the known melting point range of pure acetaminophen at 169.5-171°C is clearly depressed and elongated.…
The purpose of this experiment was to use solvent extraction techniques in order to separate a mixture consisting of a carboxylic acid (p-toulic acid), a phenol (p-tert-butylphenol), and a neutral compound (acetanilide). Extraction is the process of selectively dissolving one or more of the compounds of a mixture into an appropriate solvent, the solution that contains these dissolved compounds is called an extract (Manion, 2004).…
Introduction: We are using liquid chromatography to separate the colored substances in grape-flavored drinks. We separate the component dyes, and then we separate the flavorings and citric acids.…
This experiment combined all the knowledge of the previous labs performed throughout the semester. An unknown mixture containing an organic acid or base and an organic neutral compound in nearly equal amounts needs to be separated to its separate components. An understanding of solubility, extraction, crystallization and vacuum filtration is necessary in order to successfully carry out the separation.…
The purpose of this experiment was to separate a mixture of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and toluene by using the method of fractional distillation and to analyze the fractions using gas chromatography (GC).…
The purpose of this experiment is to use liquid chromatography as a tool to separate the components of unsweetened, grape-flavored Kool-Aid® or any grape flavored drink. Miniature liquid…
PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment was to illustrate the extraction of a solid natural product from its natural source by partition with the aid of an organic solvent. Extraction is the process by which a compound or mixtures of, is transferred by separation from one phase into another. In this case, the major triglyceride contains a single fatty acid identified as myristic acid. It is a substituent of the triglyceride called trimyristin, which embodies 20-25% of the dried weight of ground nutmeg we will eventually use in this experiment. The purpose of this lab is to extract trimyristin from nutmeg with the organic substance, diethyl ether, to evidently produce trimyristin with a small portion of myristicin (solid-liquid extraction). Also, it is good to know that due to impurity the best way purify the product of trimyristin is by recrystallization through hot acetone.…
The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize isopentyl ester by an esterification reaction between a carboxylic acid and an ester. Carboxylic esters, like isopentyl acetate, are normally used to create artificial flavors. In the preparation of isopentyl acetate, esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol occurs. Esterification is an equilibrium shift to the product side using an excess of one of the starting components. In this experiment, the excess reagent is acetic acid because it is not expensive and can easily be removed for the reaction. The acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol are removed by extraction with sodium bicarbonate and water. The limiting reagent is isopentyl alcohol. A limiting reagent is completely consumed when…
Comparison of the rate of reaction and yield of glycerol in saponification with different triglycerides Chemistry EE Candidate number: 0019 Word count: 3974 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 2 RESEARCH QUESTION 5 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 5 METHODOLOGY 10 DATA PRESENTATION AND PROCESSING 13 CONCLUSION 24 EVALUATION 24 BIBLIOGRAPHY 26 Introduction In 1779, Carl W. Scheele, a Swedish chemist, discovered a new transparent, syrupy liquid by heating olive oil and litharge . This new sweet-tasting compound was named Glycerol – from the Greek word glykys, which means sweet. Glycerol was found to possess a wide variety of uses in the manufacture of numerous domestic, industrial and pharmaceutical products.…
Alcoholic beverages are the only consumable products in the U.S. that do not have nutrition labels. Consumers are being kept in the dark about serving size, alcoholic content, calories, carbohydrates, fats, protein, cholesterol and other nutrition information. Alcohol, specifically ethyl alcohol or ethanol, is produced by fermenting the starch or sugar in various fruits and grains. Alcoholic beverages produced by fermentation and distillation include beer that is usually about 4 to 6 % alcohol, wine that is usually 7 to 15% alcohol, and hard liquor which is about 45% alcohol.…
Acetic acid [64-19-7], CH3COOH, is a corrosive organic acid having a sharp odor, burning taste, and pernicious blistering properties. It is found in ocean water, oilfield brines, rain, and at trace concentrations in many plant and animal liquids. It is central to all biological energy pathways. Fermentation of fruit and vegetable juices yields 2–12% acetic acid solutions, usually called vinegar (qv). Any sugar-containing sap or juice can be transformed by bacterial or fungal processes to dilute acetic acid. Theophrastos (272–287 BC) studied the utilization of acetic acid to make white lead and verdigris [52503-64-7]. Acetic acid was also well known to alchemists of the Renaissance. Andreas Libavius (AD 1540–1600) distinguished the properties of vinegar from those of icelike (glacial) acetic acid obtained by dry distillation of copper acetate or similar heavy metal acetates. Numerous attempts to prepare glacial acetic acid by distillation of vinegar proved to be in vain, however. Lavoisier believed he could distinguish acetic acid from acetous acid, the hypothetical acid of vinegar, which he thought was converted into acetic acid by oxidation. Following Lavoisier’s demise, Adet proved the essential identity of acetic acid and acetous acid, the latter being the monohydrate, and in 1847, Kolbe finally prepared acetic acid from the elements. Worldwide demand for acetic acid in 1999 was 2.8 Â 106 t (6.17 Â 109 lb). Estimated demand for 2003 is 3.1 Â 106 t (6.84 Â 109 lb) (1). Uses include the manufacture of vinyl acetate [108-05-4] and acetic anhydride [108-24-7]. Vinyl acetate is used to make latex emulsion resins for paints, adhesives, paper coatings, and textile finishing agents. Acetic anhydride is used in making cellulose acetate fibers, cigarette filter tow, and cellulosic plastics.…
Recently, due to the relentlessly climbing price of crude oil prices, the major oleochemical producers from natural resources had been enjoying the recent onward surge in global natural fatty alcohol demand. Foresee the crude oil prices will keep increasing, with the largely availability of natural resources would let us seized this opportunity and bring them into action by adding value to new natural fatty aclcohol capacity.…