Intellectual
Art included detailed floral or vine designs. These designs can be found on pottery, textiles, paper manuscripts, and buildings. This artwork is called Arabesques. Usually, you won't find people on artwork. Because Muhammad's teachings include a restriction against using human figures to represent their faith.
Economical
The Islamic people of the Golden Age traded with other empires.
During trading, they had learned the Chinese paper making process. This was a much faster and easier than what they normally used, which was papyrus. It spread throughout the empire, and was becoming more common. Book stores were becoming more popular because of the Chinese paper making process
Political
Islam had taken a firm stand in government during the Golden Age, due to vast expansion of the empire. Arabic became the official language throughout the empire. The people in the empire weren't forced into converting to Islam, they made that decision.
Social
Because of the conquest of lands around the empire, many people converted to Islam, and took other things from the empire. People took on the arabic language, and did more trading with each other. Trading went as far as Southeast Asia and the Sahara Caravan. Throughout the Golden Age, peace was kept within the empire.