Howard Gardner Outline

A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences
I. Introduction
A. After giving IQ test to two different children, it has been found that later in life the child who has scored higher on the IQ test did very well in school but not in life and the other child did the opposite
B. The reason why the test did not prove to be equal to the children’s outcome in life is because the IQ test does not test all kinds of intelligences, the multiple intelligences theory accounts for all different types of mental skills
II. What Constitutes an Intelligence?
A. The multiple intelligence theory is different from the traditional theory of intelligence
1. For the traditional theory is based on the average skills of people in the age groups and should increase over time
2. The MI tests on skills that may be found in one’s cultural that may be found useful
B. MI framed around biological problem-solving skills, it only tests out skills that are universal in all cultures
1. The narrowing of the intelligences was done by developing studies among many kinds and different people
2. Each of the intelligences have a natural trigger and also has to be important
III. The Seven Intelligences
A. Musical Intelligences
1. In musical intelligences like Menuhin, the people with this are practically born with it, this is supported by child prodigies and also autistic kids
2. Music is located in the right hemisphere of the brain
3. Music was important in the Stone age, now studies show in childhood “raw” computational ability
B. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
1. Babe recognized his talent as child as well which is proof of natural born
2. Located in the motor cortex of the brain
3. The apraxia is evident of this
4. It may not solve problems like math but it does have cognitive features
C. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
1. Two essential facts of this
a. The process of problem solving
b. Nonverbal nature of the intelligence
2. Provides the principal basis of IQ test
3. Evidence of this is idiot savants
D. Linguistic Intelligence
1. Has to do with psychology
2. Located in the Broca’s Area, if damaged may have difficulty putting words together
3. The gift of language is universal
E. Spatial Intelligence
1. Is needed for navigation
2. Visual arts use this intelligence
3. In the right hemisphere, damage complicates the ability
F. Interpersonal Intelligence
1. “Builds on a core capacity to notice distinctions among others”
2. It’s like detecting emotions (works with others)
3. Frontal lobe, of damaged causes personality changes
4. Two additional factors
a. Prolonged childhood of primates
b. Importance in human of social interaction
G. Intrapersonal Intelligence
1. Knowledge of the internal aspects of a person (works with one’s self)
2. Has viable and effective model of himself or herself
3. Hard to detect so has to use other intelligences to detect it
4. Frontal lobe if damaged may cause irritability
5. Important to survive
IV. Summary: The Unique Contributions of the Theory
A. In MI intelligence has been approached in a way which people of all cultures solve problems.
B. Only intelligences provided were one’s with evidence
C. To be good at one thing doesn’t make it necessary to be good at others which makes MI diverse form IQ
D. People need a little bit of all types of intelligences