Preview

Human Cloning

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
8214 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Human Cloning
ETHICAL ISSUES

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC

AND

CHUMAN CLONING
ULTURAL ORGANIZATION

HUMAN
CLONING
ETHICAL ISSUES

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC

AND

CULTURAL ORGANIZATION

Graphic design (brochure): Jérôme Lo Monaco
Graphic design (cover): Marion Lo Monaco
Photo credits:
Page 8
Image of Nuclear Transfer, Roslin Institute
Page 9
Cloned Sheep “Dolly” and its Surrogate Mother, Roslin Institute
Page 10
Cloned Cat “CC”, Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary medicine
Cloned Mice, University of Hawaii
Cloned Mule “Idaho Gem”, Phil Schofield/University of Idaho
Cloned Calves, University of Tennessee
Cloned Pigs, Revivicor, Inc. (formerly PPL Therapeutics, Inc.), Blacksburg, Virginia
Cloned Rabbits by Jean-Paul Renard research team, INRA/Bertrand Nicolas

Illustrations: Jérôme Lo Monaco

Further information:
Secretariat of the Bioethics Section
Division of Ethics of Science and Technology
Social and Human Sciences Sector
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
1, rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France
Tel. 33 (0)1 45 68 37 81
Fax. 33 (0)1 45 68 55 15 http://www.unesco.org/bioethics First published in 2004 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Second edition, updated, 2005
7, place de Fontenoy F-75352 Paris 07 SP

© UNESCO 2005
Printed in France

HUMAN CLONING

C

O

N

T

E

N

T

S

Preface by the Director-General

5

A Brief History of Cloning

7

Recent Development of Cloning Research on Animals

10

What are the Ethical Issues regarding Human Cloning?

11

Is Research Cloning different from Reproductive Cloning?

12

Can Adult Stem Cells replace Embryonic Stem Cells?

15

Cloning and the International Community

17

Ongoing Discussion on Ethical Issues

19

Further Reading and Useful Resources

19

HUMAN CLONING

P

R

E

F

A

C

E

In this new


Links: 1, rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France Tel
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    The Pros And Cons Of Thera-Peutic Cloning
    • 102 Words
    • 1 Page

    The Pros And Cons Of Thera-Peutic Cloning

    A second set of ethical problems involves clearly separating thera- peutic from reproductive cloning. Because the techniques involved with therapeutic cloning are the same techniques that would be involved in reproductive cloning, opponents of the latter might argue that no thera- peutic cloning should be permitted because it will inevitably lead to re- productive cloning. The fear is that once cloned human embryos are created in the laboratory, there will be no way to stop scientists or phy- sicians from acceding to a person's request to have the cloned embryos…

    • 102 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Best Essays

    The Evaluation of Five Websites about Cloning Based on Their Credibility and Support by Peer-Reviewed Articles
    • 1944 Words
    • 8 Pages

    The Evaluation of Five Websites about Cloning Based on Their Credibility and Support by Peer-Reviewed Articles

    Ever since the birth of the first cloned sheep, named Dolly, the dream of human cloning has existed (Van Dijck, 1999). Cloning a mammal is described as the manipulation of an animal or human cell in order to create an identical copy of that animal’s or human’s nucleic DNA (Andrews, 1997). Though the dream of a human clone also comes with a lot of controversy regarding ethics and morals. Embryotic stem cell research, which could lead to a renewable source of human tissue, cells and eventually entire organs (Bowring, 2004), is highly controversial due to the necessity of placing a cloned embryo into a woman’s body in order to achieve that research. Politicians differentiate between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning as they refer to the second as “implanting a cloned embryo in a woman's womb” (Bowring, 2004), as for the embryo itself the research is not very therapeutic. Furthermore cloning by transfer of nuclei is not very effective yet as only 1% of manipulated sheep eggs reach adulthood and the number is even lower for other animals (Solter, 2000). The question whether human cloning will ever be possible and ethical remains to be answered but it seems certain that extra research in embryotic stem cells will improve techniques and success rates, which eventually brings the realization of a human clone closer one step at a time.…

    • 1944 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Best Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Human Cloning In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World
    • 1194 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Human Cloning In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World

    J. (2015). Cloning humans? Biological, ethical, and social considerations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(29), 8879-8886. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1501798112…

    • 1194 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Gene Cloning
    • 1802 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Gene Cloning

    One aspect of the DNA cloning experiments that is carefully considered is the selection of cloning vectors. A variety of vectors have been created, each being suitable for a particular use. One common vector used in laboratories is a plasmid called pUC19. It is 2686 base pairs long and possesses an origin of replication which allows the production of over 100 copies in a competent E.coli cell. It possesses a multiple cloning site (MCS) which is artificially implanted by adding a polylinker sequence to it. The pUC19 plasmid is also altered by inserting a gene that codes for beta-lactamase which confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin (Read and Strachan 2011). The MCS occupies the 5’ end of the gene lacZ (Sherwood, Willey and Woolverton 2012). This gene codes for only the alpha-peptide of beta-galactosidase, an enzyme used to break down the disaccharide lactose into glucose and galactose (Read and Strachan 2011). The aim of this experiment is to incorporate a cDNA called CIH-1, from plasmid pBK-CMV, into pUC19.…

    • 1802 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    The Pros And Cons Of Cloning
    • 686 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The Pros And Cons Of Cloning

    Over the years, science and technology have expanded to make it possible to create identical creatures. While new cloning technology is a great advancement, it raises a plethora of moral and ethical questions. Cloning may bring about new ways to find cures for babies, according to Philip M. Boffey, but cloning also “could usher in a new eugenics”. The problems produced from the prospect of cloning greatly outweigh the benefits.…

    • 686 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    Dna Cloning
    • 1352 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Dna Cloning

    DNA cloning refers to the process of making multiple copies of a DNA fragment. For the past weeks we have conducted a set of experiments that allow us to clone a specific gene in drosophila. First we started by the process of DNA extraction, which allowed us to isolate the genomic DNA from D. Melanogaster. This process requires the use of lysis in other to extract the DNA and RNA. After extracting the DNA, we it is important to use PCR amplification in order to amplify the DNA template to produce a specific DNA fragment. Another important step in DNA cloning is plasmid isolation. Plasmid isolation allows us to extract a plasmid from a bacterial cell (E.coli). In our experiments, we had to amplify either the 18S rRNA or the actin gene found in D. Melanogaster.…

    • 1352 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    On Cloning a Human Being
    • 532 Words
    • 3 Pages

    On Cloning a Human Being

    The style Lewis Thomas uses is very unique. He writes in a very conversational tone, making it easier for readers to read and relate. He also adds in rhetorical questions as well as short simple sentences in his writing structure, and the entire passage seems to flow eloquently. Lewis Thomas has a distinct voice that is unique only to himself.…

    • 532 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Satire On Cloning
    • 586 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Satire On Cloning

    For many years, scientists have been experimenting in the field of cloning. Cloning uses an egg cell and a somatic cell to make a duplicate copy of the organism. It is currently a highly controversial topic in the scientific world. Many people can benefit from cloning. From farmers to patients, not only does cloning help scientists discover more about genetics, it will also help a lot of people. However, there are also ethical issues with cloning, such as the use of embryonic stem cells and cross-species hybrids. For instance, at the Salk institute, a human-pig embryo was recently made and destroyed. The purpose of the experiment was to see if human organs could be grown inside a pig. The authors believe that we are still far off from accomplishing cloning of human organs in animals. I believe that cloning will help this world, but there needs to be restrictions on human cloning and cross-breeding.…

    • 586 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Cloning Fact Sheet Analysis
    • 184 Words
    • 1 Page

    Cloning Fact Sheet Analysis

    This article, “Cloning Fact Sheet”, is structured in an easy to follow scripted Q&A about cloning. From what cloning is to the three major types of cloning researchers practice today, there are clear unbiased facts. The article is well balanced in the aspect that it brings to light the pros and cons of cloning and provides the reader with a simple timeline of the progression of cloning as a science. This brief history gives us insight to what researchers animals have cloned thus far and confirms that a human has not yet been successfully cloned. This article covers very similar aspects to the article above, however this article addresses the affects of cloning on the environment as well as mentions the ethical oppositions.…

    • 184 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Reproductive Cloning
    • 304 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Reproductive Cloning

    Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. Dolly was created by reproductive cloning technology. In a process called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT), scientists transfer genetic material from the nucleus of a donor adult cell to an egg whose nucleus, and thus its genetic material, has been removed. The reconstructed egg containing the DNA from a donor cell must be treated with chemicals or electric current in order to stimulate cell division. Once the cloned embryo reaches a suitable stage, it is transferred to the uterus of a female host where it continues to develop until birth.…

    • 304 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Cloning Today
    • 928 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Cloning Today

    cloning of animal cells took place in 1964. John B. Gurdon took the nuclei from…

    • 928 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Human Cloning Is Wrong
    • 450 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Human Cloning Is Wrong

    Human cloning is the creation of a copy of another human being without involving sexual reproduction. It is sometimes called human reproductive cloning. Human cloning is one of the serious problems in this world. Actually, this problem is prohibited by the law and God because its process against God’s will which is creating human without eggs and sperms. Moreover, it brings a lot of disadvantages and bad effects for us as the human. Those are the reasons why human cloning is wrong.…

    • 450 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Organ Cloning
    • 919 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Organ Cloning

    Finding a perfect match on a DNA level in another person is virtually impossible but what if a patient could be his/her own donator. This would be possible with the available of Human organ cloning to the patient. Therefore, reducing the risk factors that are normally associated with Human Organ transplant for the patient. For example, they are no guarantee that an organ remove from an identical twins would definitely work without the receiver body not reject the new organ. In many case a patient will sit on a waitlist for a long period of time before a particular organ becomes available to unfortunate side of this is that; that patient may die waiting for that particular organ. Base on today’s society model of Human Organ transplant is that someone must perish in order for another to live. In contrast, Human organ cloning would be that best option with further research and development to assist that patient. By using his/her DNA to re-generate or re-create a replacement organ with little possibility of rejection. Hence making the patient needing the organ would be his/her own donator. This will redefine organ replacement and limited waiting list to improve lives.…

    • 919 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Gene Cloning
    • 458 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Gene Cloning

    Sticky Ends: Many restriction enzymes make staggered cuts in a DNA strand, leaving single-stranded overhangs or "Sticky Ends"…

    • 458 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Gene Cloning
    • 769 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Gene Cloning

    Ø Restriction enzymes are made by bacteria to protect themselves incoming virus DNA Ø They act as molecular scissors to cut DNA into large fragments Ø They have a unique property: they cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner by recognizing a specific sequence of bases e.g. The restriction enzyme EcoRI will only cut a DNA molecule if it contains the following sequence:…

    • 769 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More

Related Topics