Preview

Human Medical Experimentation

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
898 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Human Medical Experimentation
Human Medical Experimentation
Without knowing, humans in the past, in the present, and possibly in the future have been unaware of the medical tests that have and will be administrated upon them. There are many reasons worthy of attention, good and bad. Humans are very curious at why, how, and what happens if limits are pushed. Most of the time we decide limits for other people, such as our children, we protect them and teach them our known boundaries and limits. As humans mature, the boundaries and limits are stretched and new boundaries are set in place. Some people use moral values to set their own limits. Laws and principles are formed by the limits we humans set for every human in that particular area or society. Concerning the safety of a whole society, sometimes humans push these limits to discover whether or not an issue is a threat. This is the time human testing takes place.
Soviet human nuclear experiments have been unofficially reported that 45,000 Soviet soldiers were deliberately exposed in the year 1954 to radiation from a 40,000 ton atomic bomb weapon from 25,000 feet above the ground. This experiment was designed to test military hardware and soldiers in case of a nuclear attack. British newspapers report that nearly 6,000 stillborn babies and dead infants were sent from Canada, Hong Kong, South America, Australia, the US and UK without parent’s permission for use in nuclear experiments between the years of 1940 and 1970. According to reports, the US Department of Energy were using these bodies and body parts for tests involving the radioactivity levels of Strontium 90 in humans (Ong, n.d.).
In 1911 Dr. Hideyo Nogushi of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research published data on giving an inactive syphilis preparation to 146 hospital patients to develop a skin test for syphilis. In 1919 inmates of San Quentin State Prison were the subjects of testicular transplant experiments. Recently executed inmates had their testicles transplanted



References: Ong, C. (n.d.). Human Nuclear Experiments. Retrieved September 27, 2011, from Nuclear Files: http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/ethics/issues/scientific/human-nuclear-experiments.htm Veracity, D. (2006, March 6). Human Medical Experimentation in the United States: The Shocking True History of Modern Medicine and Psychiatry . Retrieved September 27, 2011, from Natural News: http://www.naturalnews.com/019187.html

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    The Tuskegee Syphilis Study began in 1932 in Tuskegee, Alabama. The case was created by the United States Public Health Service, the objective was to analyze the natural course of untreated latent syphilis. The disease was injected into roughly 400 African American men without their consent. The men were misled of the promise “special free treatment”. Instead the “treatment” were spinal taps done without anesthesia to evaluate the neurological effects of the disease. It was morally wrong to test these men without permission and mislead them to false hope of an antibiotic.…

    • 393 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Retrieved January 30, 2013, from DOW: http://www.dow.com/productsafety/finder/dgbe.htm UNSCEAR (2000). United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiations. The general assembly with scientific annex. United Nation. New York, NY.…

    • 250 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Scientists studied short term effects- severe skin burns caused by absorption of high levels of radiation and “A-bomb disease”- marked by loss of appetite and weight, nausea, and hair loss which many people died from…

    • 556 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    This introduced one of the first ethical implications in this experiment which was withholding information to gain consent.The USPHS conducted a screening in search of infected participants. After they had chosen the few hundred men to be apart of the experiments they began to moved forward with the study. The doctors lured these men into the study by saying that they were ill and had "bad blood".It was never explained to them why they were really being chosen for this treatment. In order to ensure the interest of the blacks, they began performing noneffective treatments on them such as giving the mercurial ointment. Also, they even used African American health care workers to mislead patients into compliance. These men endured much pain and were enrolled in various treatments without their consent.The second ethical implication was the withholding of treatment. This was the worst charge that the researchers had committed. Even in (year) when penicillin had become the primary treatment for syphilis, this information was also withheld and men were prevented from getting treatment. Though Alabama passed a law in 1927 requiring the reporting and treatment of diseases, the USPHS failed to do so when it came to tending to these…

    • 467 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    This is because a human life is valued more than any other subject used in clinical trials. In order to ensure the efficacy and legitimacy of treatment, human subjects are the most accurate compared to animals. Human subjects cultivate concrete information and data necessary for the improvement of medicine and health care as a whole. Baillie, McGeehan, T.M. Garrett, and R.M. Garrett (2013) stated, “…human experimentation is necessary for medical progress. Animal testing is useful, but it cannot provide the final word on either safety or efficacy” (p. 300). On the contrary, this does not excuse the researcher from disregarding a clinical participant’s life and safety. According to Baillie et al. (2013), humans are not objects that are used however the researcher desires (p. 293). Human experimentation, conversely, has a long history of abuse. Many rules and guidelines have been set in place to prevent researchers from taking advantage of human subjects all in the name of “science”. Due to these unfortunate events, Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) have been established to protect and oversee the organization and conduction of human experimentation (Baillie et al., 2013). One historical event that led to the development of stringent biomedical experimentation rules and guidelines was the Tuskegee syphilis research experiment (Head, 2012). This experiment was widely acknowledged and is known as…

    • 1010 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was started in the early 1930’s and continued on for over 40 years causing a great deal of physical and emotional health problems to thousands of black men and their families in Macon County, Georgia. Beneficence, according to The Belmont Report states, “Research involving human subjects should do no intentional harm, while maximizing possible benefits and minimizing possible harms, both to the individuals involved and to society at large” (National Institute of Health, 1979).…

    • 675 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In The Deadly Deception it is noted that the study persisted through multiple decades and major historic events. An illustration of this is that those involved in conducting the Tuskegee Syphilis Study did not understand or accept that their actions were comparable to those of the Nazis in regards to their treatment of human subjects. The disillusionment of the researchers is apparent through their negligence of laws, facts, and human decency. When the study finally concluded in 1972, the participants were not given an adequate debriefing (p. 47). One subject only found out the truth about the experiment through reading about the twenty-eight deaths in the…

    • 751 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the past, scientists have done very unwise and unimaginable experiments with humans as the test subject. Like in 1932, the public health service was working to find treatment for syphilis in the african american race.They had 600 black men, 399 with syphilis and 201 that did not have the disease. Without the patient's knowing that they were contracted with syphilis, scientists told the men that they were being treated for “bad blood”. But really they were not given the right treatment to cure their illness. Also in exchange the men received free medical exams, free meals, and burial insurance, which is like life insurance. But in 1968 this research raised concern for peter buxton and others, so they wrote a news article about what these…

    • 617 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Scientific experiments are performed as a way for humans to understand more about the world in which they live and themselves. However, the thirst for such knowledge has often resulted in ignoring the ethical implications of such experiments and thus has resulted in some of the worst human rights violations. In 1973 the Senate Subcommittee on Health held a series of hearings in an attempt to tackle the conundrum of risk versus reward in medicine and human experimentation. Much knowledge has been reaped from these experiments that have resulted in medicine being able to improve the quality and lifespan of many people’s lives. However, a lot of this knowledge has been gained through the sacrifices of others and sometimes these sacrifices were not made willingly. Thirty years later, Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go attempts to tackle the same conundrum by posing a question to readers that all experimenters…

    • 1683 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Tuskegee Syphilis Study

    • 2578 Words
    • 11 Pages

    Experimentations on humans have always been met with some degree of suspicion in America. Yet, history recalls several incidents which implicated well –established agencies that have been involved. One such embarrassing incident took place at Tuskegee. This is the story of “Miss Evers Boys.” It has come to symbolize racism in medicine, ethical misconduct in human research, paternalism by physicians and government abuse of vulnerable people.…

    • 2578 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Mkultra

    • 1256 Words
    • 6 Pages

    When looking at human experimentation during the twentieth century the nations that come to mind are Japan, where scientists amputated limbs from subjects only to reattach them to other parts of their bodies; Russia, where the Soviets tested odorless poisons on prisoners with the goal being not having it detected postmortem; or most infamously Nazi Germany and the heinous experimentation performed on the Jews. What most don’t realize however is the United States has its own history of unethical “studies”, “vaccines”, and “projects”. One such was the MKULTRA project, which has become notoriously known for carrying out some of the most unusual and sometimes inhumane experimentation financed by the American government.…

    • 1256 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Nuclear testing have been carried out over 2,300 times and all of the radioactive substance that is created by nuclear testing is over 10,000 times as much as that created by the nuclear bomb fallen in Hiroshima.…

    • 621 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Tuskegee Experiment

    • 2455 Words
    • 10 Pages

    In 1932, in the area surrounding Tuskegee, Macon County, Alabama, the United States Public Health Service (PHS) and the Rosenwald Foundation began a survey and small treatment program for African-Americans with syphilis. Within a few months, the deepening depression, the lack of funds from the foundation, and the large number of untreated cases provied the government’s reseachers with what seemed to be an unprecedented opportunity to study a seemingly almost “natural” experimentation of lantent syphilis in African-American men. What had begun as a “treatment” program thus was converted by the PHS reasearchers, under the imprimatur of the Surgeon General and with knowledge and consent of the Prewsident of Tuskegee Institute, the medical director of the Institute’s John A. Andrew Hospital, and the Macon County public health officials, into a persecpective study-The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male (Jones1-15). Moreover, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which began in 1932 and was terminated in 1972 by the protest of an enraged public, constituted the longest nontherapeutic experiment on human beings in medical history. Since the premise on which the experiment was based did not involve finding a cure or providing treatment, the question then remains why did the study begin and why was it continued for four decades?…

    • 2455 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    In the past, before the government regulated experimentation on humans and prior to patients’ having to give consent to be involved in studies that could potentially harm them, many doctors and researchers took advantage of these people. The poorest and most illiterate of populations were recruited for experimental medical studies that were invasive, harmful and could result in death. These were the people they believed would not object and would not realize that what was being done to them was wrong.…

    • 1921 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Nazi Experiments

    • 1063 Words
    • 5 Pages

    During World War II experiments were done on the prisoners of war in Nazi Germany. Doctors for these camps came in all shapes and sizes including former S.S. Troops, Women, and a variety of prisoner doctors. The experiments differed as much as the doctors themselves; however they stayed the same in one factor, medical curiosity become killing in atrocious ways. The results were not just the physical deformities but the change in doctors, and the wonder left in the parents who will never know what happened to their children. The doctors, instructed by the Nazi’s, performed monstrous experiments with the result being death or permanent damage.…

    • 1063 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays