Human Reproduction Notes

Female reproduction
Functions
Transport eggs
Transport sperm from uterus
Fertilization
Regions of Oviduct
Infundibulum
Funnel shaped
Fimbriae
Ostium opens into peritoneal cavity
Ampulla
Thin walls
Region of fertilization
Isthmus
Narrower
Uterotubual junction
Inner diameter 1mm
Histology of tube wall
Outer serosa continuous with uterine surface
Middle muscular layer
Inner mucosa
Lumen (hollow area)
Interior surface of oviduct
Mucosal surface highly folded
Cilia move fluid, gametes
Cilia grow and regress thru cycle
Estrogen-dependent
Tubal fluid
Abundant when gametes embryo present
Secreted by peg cell
Secretion is estrogen-dependent, reduced by progesterone
Tubal motility
Smooth muscle peristalsis (moves contents in one direction)
Move active at ovulation
Activated by estrogen, reduced by progesterone
Uterus
Location: between bladder and rectum
Pear-shaped organ
90 degree angle to vagina
Regions:
Fundus (dome)
Corpus (body)
Cervix
Projects into vagina
Cervical canal
Internal os(opening)
External os(opening)
Layers
Outer perimetrium (outer)
Protective
Myometrium (middle)
Muscle
Thickens during pregnancy
Contractions expel fetus
Endometrium (inner)
Soft, glandular, highly vascular
Functional layer
Next to lumen
Uterine glands- nutrients for embryo
Many small blood vessels
Lost during menstruation
Basal layer
Base of uterine glands
Larger blood vessels
Disorders
Normal development
2 tubes (Mullerian ducts) in embryo lower ends fuse- uterus, vagina septum reabsorbed
Septate uterus
Septum present
Skin area in uterus or two cavities instead of one
Bicornate
Incomplete fusion
What most mammals have
Duplication
Two uteri
Retroflexed uterus (tipped uterus)
Turned backwards toward the spine
Endometriosis
Endometrial tissue in abnormal location
Responds to hormones
Pain, infertility
10% of US women treatment laparoscopic removal of tissue hormones that inhibit