Basic human right still are not respected in many nations. Rights that we take for granted in developed nations , such as freedom as association, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of movement, freedom from politican repression. Globalization has significantly changed the world we live in, presenting new and complex challenges for the protection of human rights. Economic players, especially companies that operate across national boundaries (trans-national companies), have gained unprecedented power and influence across the world economy. This has not always benefited the societies in which they operate. Companies cause harm by directly abusing human rights, or by colluding with others who violate human rights. Despite this potential to cause significant harm, there are few effective mechanisms at national or international level to prevent corporate human rights abuses or to hold companies to account. This means those affected by their operations – often already marginalized and vulnerable - are left powerless, without the protection to which they are entitled, or meaningful access to justice. Global standards on business and human rights. Governments have the primary obligation to secure universal enjoyment of human rights and this includes an obligation to protect all individuals from the harmful actions of others, including companies.
However, frequently governments fail to regulate the human rights impact of business or ensure access to justice for victims of human rights abuses involving business. Until now most companies’ engagement with human rights responsibilities has been through voluntary codes and initiatives. While some voluntary initiatives have a role to play, such