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For other uses, see Dinosaur (disambiguation).
Dinosaurs
Temporal range: Middle Triassic–Present, 231.4–0 Ma (range includes birds)
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A collection of fossil dinosaur skeletons. Clockwise from top left: Microraptor gui (a winged theropod), Apatosaurus louisae (a giant sauropod), Stegosaurus stenops (a plated stegosaur), Triceratops horridus (a horned ceratopsian), Edmontosaurus regalis (a duck-billed ornithopod), Gastonia burgei (an armored ankylosaur).
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauriformes
Clade: Dinosauria
Owen, 1842
Major groups
†Ornithischia †Stegosauria †Ankylosauria †Ornithopoda †Ceratopsia Saurischia †Sauropodomorpha Theropoda
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, approximately 230 million years ago, and were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for 135 million years, from the beginning of the Jurassic (about 200 million years ago) until the end of the Cretaceous (66 million years ago), when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of most dinosaur groups at the close of the Mesozoic Era. The fossil record indicates that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs during the Jurassic Period and, consequently, they are considered a subgroup of dinosaurs in most modern classification systems.[1][2] Some birds survived the extinction event that occurred 66 million years ago, and their descendants continue the dinosaur lineage to the present day.[3]
Dinosaurs are a varied group of animals from taxonomic, morphological and ecological standpoints. Birds, at over 9,000 living species, are