Hydraulic Design of Small Hydro Plants
Version 2
STANDARDS/MANUALS/
GUIDELINES FOR
SMALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT
Civil Works –
Hydraulic Design Of Small Hydro Plants
Lead Organization:
Sponsor:
Alternate Hydro Energy Center
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Govt. of India
May 2011
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/ Civil Works - Guidelines For Hydraulic Design Of Small Hydro Plants /May 2011 1
1.
GUIDELINES FOR HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF SMALL HYDRO PLANTS
This section provides standards and guidelines on the design of the water conductor system. This system includes; head works and intake, feeder canal, desilter (if required), power canal or alternative conveyance structures (culverts, pipelines, tunnels, etc), forebay tank, penstock and surge tank (if required) up to the entry of the turbine, tailrace canal below the turbine and related ancillary works. 1.1
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF HEAD WORKS
In general head works are composed of three structural components, diversion dam, intake and bed load sluice. The functions of the head works are:
Diversion of the required project flow from the river into the water conductor system. Control of sediment.
Flood handling.
Typically a head pond reservoir is formed upstream of the head works. This reservoir may be used to provide daily pondage in support of peaking operation or to provide the control volume necessary for turbine operation in the water level control mode. This latter case would apply where the penstock draws its water directly from the head pond. Sufficient volume must be provided to support these functions. There are three types of head works that are widely used on mini and small hydro projects, as below:
Lateral intake head works
Trench intake head works
Reservoir / canal intakes
Each type will be discussed in turn.
1.1.1
Head Works with Lateral Intakes (Small Hydro)
Head works with lateral intakes are typically applied on rivers transporting
significant
STANDARDS/MANUALS/
GUIDELINES FOR
SMALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT
Civil Works –
Hydraulic Design Of Small Hydro Plants
Lead Organization:
Sponsor:
Alternate Hydro Energy Center
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Govt. of India
May 2011
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/ Civil Works - Guidelines For Hydraulic Design Of Small Hydro Plants /May 2011 1
1.
GUIDELINES FOR HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF SMALL HYDRO PLANTS
This section provides standards and guidelines on the design of the water conductor system. This system includes; head works and intake, feeder canal, desilter (if required), power canal or alternative conveyance structures (culverts, pipelines, tunnels, etc), forebay tank, penstock and surge tank (if required) up to the entry of the turbine, tailrace canal below the turbine and related ancillary works. 1.1
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF HEAD WORKS
In general head works are composed of three structural components, diversion dam, intake and bed load sluice. The functions of the head works are:
Diversion of the required project flow from the river into the water conductor system. Control of sediment.
Flood handling.
Typically a head pond reservoir is formed upstream of the head works. This reservoir may be used to provide daily pondage in support of peaking operation or to provide the control volume necessary for turbine operation in the water level control mode. This latter case would apply where the penstock draws its water directly from the head pond. Sufficient volume must be provided to support these functions. There are three types of head works that are widely used on mini and small hydro projects, as below:
Lateral intake head works
Trench intake head works
Reservoir / canal intakes
Each type will be discussed in turn.
1.1.1
Head Works with Lateral Intakes (Small Hydro)
Head works with lateral intakes are typically applied on rivers transporting
significant
References: H.M.Chaudhry, Van Nostrand – Reinhold Co., New York (1978). (translated from Khimicheskoe I Neftyanoe Mashinostroenie, no. 6 - May 1965). McGraw Hill, New York (ca. 1950).