An ion is an atom or a molecule with a positive or a negative charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. Ionic solids are salts (such as NaCl) that are held together by a strong force of attraction between ions of opposite charge. Molecules are the smallest physical units of an element or a (chemical) compound. Ionic solids are also known as salts because salts are ionic compounds that are formed from a reaction between an acid and a base.…
Methoxy-Pro is one of those very rare sports supplements that time after time continue to surpass expectations. Fact is, no other protein on the market today can match Methoxy-Pro's remarkable ability to stimulate lean muscle growth. So it's no wonder that our customers prefer this one-of-a kind super anabolic formula to any other protein product the industry has to offer.…
Hydrates are compound with a constant composition. Concepts of Law of Definite Proportions (hydrates remain in constant proportions) and Law of Conservation of Mass (this idea is used to determine the mass of water in the compound and, subsequently, the formula of the compound) are expressed in this experiment. In this experiment, the goal was to find the formula of copper sulfate pentahydrate by heating a sample of the blue compound in order to evaporate the water and receive the white-colored copper sulfate anhydrous. Using the mass of the original sample of copper sulfate pentahydrate subtracted by the new mass of the copper sulfate anhydrous, the mass of water lost is obtained and used to find the empirical formula. The expectation for…
The Molar Heat of Combustion of a substance is the heat liberated when 1 mole of the substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure, with the final products being carbon dioxide gas and liquid water. (Ref. “Conquering Chemistry, Roland Smith, 2005”)…
hydrogen chloride has properties: Hydrogen chloride has one molecule of hydrogen and one molecule of chlorine: Hydrogen chloride has a very powerful smell. It is in the form of a gas but only when it is at room temperature which is approximately 25 Celsius and when the pressure is high. The solubility of hydrogen chloride is very high this means that it can dissolve in water quickly because it dissolves many times in its own solution (the gas form of hydrogen chloride). It is very soluble because the smaller the chain of the molecules are then the energy required in small quantities however if the chain is long then it will need more energy so that means that the longer chain will have a slow reaction and the longer the chain the chances…
reaction between hydrazine, N2H,, and dinitrogen tetroxide, N204, has been used to launch rockets into space. The reaction produces nitrogen gas and water vapor.…
The mass percent of water was determined using the mass of water and dividing it by the total mass of the hydrate and then multiplying that answer by 100%. The number of moles of water in a hydrate was determined by taking the mass of the water released and dividing it by the molar mass of water. The number of moles of water and the number of moles of the hydrate was used to calculate the ratio of moles of water to moles of the sample. This ratio was then used to write the new and balanced equation of the dehydration process. The sample was then rehydrated to the original state and the percent of the hydrate recovered was calculated by using the mass of the rehydrated sample by the mass of the original hydrate and then multiplied by 100%.…
References: Berger B., Brammer, A.J., Charsley, E. L., Rooney, J.J., and Warrington, S.B., (1997). Thermal analysis studies on the boron-potassium perchlorate nitrocellulose pyrotechnic system. Journal of Thermal Analysis Vol. 49, 1327-1335.…
A mixture of 1 g of 3-nitrophthalic acid and 2 mL of 8% aqueous hydrazine was heated in a 50 mL round bottom flask until the solid was dissolved and 3 mL of triethylene glycol was added to the mixture. Simple distillation was set up with a thermometer. The mixture was distilled until it reached 201°C and was then cooled back down to 100°C. Once the mixture was at 100°C, hot water was added. The flask was then cooled on ice and the solid was collected by vacuum filtration and washed two times with water.…
In the book “Leaving Dirty Jersey” by James Salant (2007, the main character is a drug addict. Like most drug addicts, he has committed several crimes. Possession of methamphetamine and heroin, sales manufacture of methamphetamine and heroin, grand theft, auto fraud, assault, and battery are al violations. And can be serious felony or misdemeanor offense according to the California Penal Code. James, as a young teenager, often felt ignored by his psychologist parents. Hi troublesome older brother, Hoe, was always involved in some mishap. All that affection deficiency led James to start experimenting with drugs. He first started experiencing LSD, ecstasy and heroin which all are illegal. It is a bit odd that James resided in Priceton, New Jersey in an upper middle class home. Society would think someone raised in that sort of upbringing would turn out well educated but James is the complete contrary to that belief . In fact, because his family had money he was able to afford all those drugs and also because his family would barely pay attention to him it caused him t commit excessive amount of crimes. D I think James Salant committed crimes? Yes I sure do think so. Drug addicts commit crimes purposely in order to get money to buy drugs. Their addictions drives them to commit heinour criminal acts. After failed treatments, Jimmy meets Luke and Wendy, who are addicts as well. However, their drug of choice is methamphetamine. They introduce the crystal meth world in Riverside, Ca to Jimmy. Ames not only becomes addicted to it but he also begins selling it. Which all are criminal acts. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administrations National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 23.5 million persons aged 12 or older need treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol abuse problem in 2009.” James and all his drug addict friends need some sort of drug treatment. Do I think James and his friends are criminals? Yes I do think so because he did illegal…
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless substance found naturally in the brain. The appeal is body building and loss of weight.…
Pyrazinamide is a prodrug. Pyrazinamidase . PZA enters passively into tubercle bacilli through an ATP-dependent transport system.As soon as PZA enters the bacilli it is coverted into acid (POA), by the enzyme pyrazinamidase (PZase)and reaches high concentrations in the bacterial cytoplasm due to an inefficient efflux system. The accumulation of pyrazinoic acid decreases the intracellular pH to levels that cause the inactivation of enzymes-such as fatty acid synthase I, which plays a fundamental role in synthesizing fatty acids-and, consequently, the impairment of mycolic acid…
What is Atrazine? It is a synthetic compound used as an agricultural herbicide created by the company Syngenta. This specific agricultural herbicide is causing uproar across the entire world. There are people saying it has negative environmental impacts, others say it does no harm to our planet and we have nothing to worry about. I believe it does have a negative impact on our environment and I have all the evidence to backup my claim. We should ban Atrazine because it contaminates water supplies, has been linked with possible carcinogenic effects, and endocrine disruption in amphibians and humans, and finally, it has harmful reproductive effects. This is why Atrazine needs to be banned sooner than later, for our planet’s…
As we are moving rapidly towards the twenty first century, the development within the world of science and technology is moving even faster. Just think of the everyday situation, where you go to a store to buy yourself a computer, and as you leave the store, noticing the door closing behind you, it occurs to you that the value of your loving computer already has decreased. This is caused by the tremendous research in the microelectronics, which has changed a lot of things in the last twenty years or so. It has opened up a great range of new possibilities, as the size of the electrical devices has diminished. About every second year, the amount of transistors placed on a micro chip doubles, but it is limited and soon a new technique has to be developed to carry on building faster computers. The silicon is the very heart of the microelectronics and will probably still be of great importance as we pass the change of millennium. However, experiments indicate a growing field for a new technique based on molecules. This is due to the scientists, who try to bring us from the micro scale to the nano scale, though it is another matter in the periodic table that is used, Carbon. This leads us to the main issue of this project. Carbon nanotubes describes a specific topic within solid state physics, but is also of interest in other sciences like chemistry or biology, actually the topic has coating boundaries, because we are on the molecule level. The carbon nanotubes have in the recent years become more and more popular to the scientists. Initially, it was the spectacularly electronic properties, that were the basis for the great interest, but eventually other remarkable properties were discovered too.…
Organic chemistry is the study of essentially all substances containing carbon. Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. The simplest hydrocarbons are the alkanes which contain only single covalent bonds. Methane is the simplest alkane. It is also the major component of natural gas. Methane contains only 1 carbon in the molecular formula and the structural formula. There is ethane which is 2 carbons, propane that is 3, butane which is 4, pentane which is 5 and so on. There are also alkenes. Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double covalent bonds, and last but not least there is the alkynes which are hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple covalent bonds. They also have different names. Alkanes end with ane. Alkenes end with ene, and alkynes end with yne. In organic chemistry there are also isomers, isomers are One of two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but different arrangements of the atoms within the molecules and that may have different physical/chemical properties. For example, CH3OCH3 and C2H5OH are isomers. They both have the same amount of carbon atoms but are arranged differently. Organic chemistry is used EVERYWHERE. For example methane, which is a gas produced by flatulence, that gas is also found in marshes.…