Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon – Alcohols
• Ethanol - 92.3% by weight of ethanol, 94.9% by volume. - 70 % which is used as local antiinfective • Diluted Alcohol - 48.4 % to 49.5% used as solvent

• Brandy - distillation from wine
• Whisky - fermented malted grain • Rum fermented molasses

Product of Reductive Metabolism
• Mannitol • Ash Manna
• Fraxinus ornus – Oleaceae • Osmotic diuretic • Laxative

Product of Reductive Metabolism
• Sorbitol- Mountain ash
• Sorbus aucuparia Rosaceae • Half as sweet as sucrose • Used in toothpaste and chewing gums because of humectant property

Drugs containing Acids, Alcohols and Esters
• Roselle – Hibiscus sabdariffa
(Malvaceae) • Constituents:
• Citric, tartaric and malic acid • Lactone of hydroxycitric acid • Phenolics like anthocyanins involving the glycosides of delphinidin and cyanidin

• Uses:
• Colorant and flavoring agent. • Traditional use: astringent, soothing agent and diuretic. • Antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic agent

Drugs containing Acids, Alcohols and Esters
• Tamarind– Tamarindus indica (Leguminosae)
• Constituents (Pulp)
• • • • Citric, tartaric and malic acid (10%) Potassium hydrogen tartrate (8%) Nicotinic acid Invert sugar (30-40%)

• Leaves
• Flavonoid C glycosides (vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin)

• Seeds
• Fixed oils(Oleic and linoleic acids)

• Uses:
• Mild laxative • Commercial source of tartaric acid

Drugs containing Acids, Alcohols and Esters • Manna– lichen
Lecanora esculenta
• (Fraxinus ornus – important commercial source, ash manna)

• Ash Leaf (Fraxinus excelsior or F. oxyphylla) (Family Oleaceae) • Constituent
• Fraxin – coumarin glycosides, chlorogenic acid, tannins, mannitol.

• Constituent – Mannitol • Uses:
• Mild laxative • Osmotic diuretic

• Uses:
• Mild laxative • Osmotic diuretic

Drugs containing Acids, Alcohols and Esters
• Sumatra Benzoin (Gum Benjamin)
(Fam. Styracacea)
• Styrax benzoin • S. paralleloneurus

• Constituents
•