The layout Ivan Illich is making in the article called, “Medical Nemesis,” is focused on medical practices and how iatrogenic effects are caused by the diagnosis and manner of treatment by a physician. Throughout the years, iatrogenic effects have caused more suffering, “Than all accidents from traffic or industry.”(Illich) The effects listed in the article include: “Infection, depression, dysfunction, disability, and their specific diseases which fall under the iatrogenic effects category.”(Illich) In the article, Illich is stating an argument; most of the suffering caused in modern society is man-made. When trying to prolong life, it is almost like cheating death. History is a record of how the meaning of the word “Life” has evolved. Through the years, many treatments and practices of modern medicine have changed. A then, life threatening illness; is today a commonly treated infection. Illich’s argument is then stated in the way medical practice and industrialization have created negative effects on human life.
The industrial nemesis in Illich's argument is any man made misery that is the main source of our pain, our disability, and death. Medical institutions have expanded and become increasingly more technical, and now, the majority of our iatrogenic issues are engineered. “Nemesis is now so prevalent that it is readily mistaken for a part of the human condition.”(Illich) “The most profound iatrogenic effects of the medical techno structure result from its non-technical social functions. The sickening technical and non-technical consequences of the institutionalization of medicine coalesce to generate a new kind of suffering-anaesthetized and solitary survival in a worldwide hospital ward.”(Illich) This quote explains that in our institutionalized social world, we are creating a new type of human suffering. A longer life provided by modern health care brings with it a great amount of pain and suffering