Ib Bio Syllabus 1.2

3.2 syllbus
3.2.1
~Organic compounds contain carbon and usually hydrogen.
~Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon and hydrogen.
3.2.2
~ Glucose
Fatty Acid
3.2.3
Monosaccharide
~-the basic unit of carbohydrates
-the simplest form of sugar
-Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
~disaccharides
have the chemical formula C12H22O11, consist of two monosaccharides which are joined by the process of dehydration synthesis (during while a molecule of water is formed)
-Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
~ polysaccharides polymers of carbohydrates, three or more monosaccharides joined together through the process of dehydration synthesis.
-Cellulose, Glycogen, Starch

3.2.4
Glucose-chemical fuel for cell respiration
Lactose- makes up some of the slutes in milk
Glycogen- stores glucose in liver and muscles.

PLANTS
Fructose- found in may fruits, makest them sweet
Sucrose- often transported from leaves of plants to other locations in plants by vascular tissue
Cellulose- one of the primary components of plant cell wall

3.2.5 Condensation
1.A condensation reaction joins two molecules together to form a larger molecule and a water molecule is formed as a result.
2.All biological molecules are formed by condensation reactions.
3. Condensation reactions are also known as dehydration synthesis
4. Condensation reactions can join many amino acids together to form large chains called polypeptides (proteins).
5.Condensation reactions can join many monosaccharides together to form large molecules called polysaccharides (starch).
6.Condensation reactions can join glycerol molecules to fatty acids to form triglycerides.

Hydrolysis * Hydrolysis is the reverse of dehydration synthesis. Here a molecule of water is added to break the bonds between the subunits and break the larger molecules down into their smaller components. * Water molecules are used up in hydrolysis. * When you add water to a polypeptide it breaks down into dipeptides or amino acids. * When you add water to a polysaccharide it breaks down into disaccharides or monosaccharides. * When you add water to a triglyceride it breaks down into fatty acids and glycerol.

3.2.6
Energy storage
Heat insulation
Buoyancy

3.2.7
Organism can store energy in the form of carbohydrates and lipids
Living organisms tend to use carbohydrates as a short term energy storage while lipids are used as the long term energy storage.