IB Geography Study Notes
Population change
Saturday, April 13, 2013
5:18 PM
Index
Def.
Meaning
LEDC example
MEDC example
Crude
Birth
Rate
(CBR)
No. of live birth/1000 peo. in pop./year
High CBR/TFR: Parents want children:
- For labors → Contribute to family income
Botswana
France:
Total
Fertility
Rate
(TFR)
Avg. no. of children that Low CBR/TFR: would be born to a
- Children are costly woman during her
- Good public pension scheme & health services → lifetime No need of children to look after
- Women are free to get education & work → Delay marriage, childbearing
- Low IMR → No need of child replacement
44.07 (1980) → 24.01 (2011) 14 (1980) → 12.7 (2011)
- To look after them in old ages
- To continue family name
- High IMR → Replace dead children
Botswana:
France:
6.62 (1980) → 2.71 (2011)
1.85 (1980) → 2.03 (2011)
Botswana gov. strongly invested in public health sys. - Pro-natalist policy (maternity grants, tax benefits)
- Child-orientated policies
(﴾crèches)﴿
Botswana:
France:
- Widespread use of family planning
Crude
Death
Rate
(CDR)
No. of deaths/1000 peo. High CDR (﴾rural areas, shanty towns, …)﴿: in pop./year
- No clean, reliable water supply & food
- Poor sanitation → Contagious diseases (diarrhea, vomiting) - Poor medical care (no vaccination) → Infectious diseases (malaria)
- Unhealthy lifestyle
8.98 (1980) → 7.07 (1990) → 10.2 (1980) → 8.8 (2002) → 9.1
17.36 (2010)
(2003) → 8.5 (2011)
1990: AIDS pandemic
- Natural disasters
Cons: CDRAgeing pop. > CDRYouthful pop. → Can 't reflect level of development
Infant
Mortalit y Rate
(IMR)
No. of deaths of children < 1 year/1000 live birth/year
High IMR:
Botswana:
France:
- Lack of trained health workers & health facilities → 54.4 (1980) → 37.8 (1990) → 10.2 (1980) → 3.4 (2011)
Give birth at home
54.6 (2000) → 42.9 (2011)
- Poor sanitation (no clean water, dirty settlement) →
Modern medical facilities
Saturday, April 13, 2013
5:18 PM
Index
Def.
Meaning
LEDC example
MEDC example
Crude
Birth
Rate
(CBR)
No. of live birth/1000 peo. in pop./year
High CBR/TFR: Parents want children:
- For labors → Contribute to family income
Botswana
France:
Total
Fertility
Rate
(TFR)
Avg. no. of children that Low CBR/TFR: would be born to a
- Children are costly woman during her
- Good public pension scheme & health services → lifetime No need of children to look after
- Women are free to get education & work → Delay marriage, childbearing
- Low IMR → No need of child replacement
44.07 (1980) → 24.01 (2011) 14 (1980) → 12.7 (2011)
- To look after them in old ages
- To continue family name
- High IMR → Replace dead children
Botswana:
France:
6.62 (1980) → 2.71 (2011)
1.85 (1980) → 2.03 (2011)
Botswana gov. strongly invested in public health sys. - Pro-natalist policy (maternity grants, tax benefits)
- Child-orientated policies
(﴾crèches)﴿
Botswana:
France:
- Widespread use of family planning
Crude
Death
Rate
(CDR)
No. of deaths/1000 peo. High CDR (﴾rural areas, shanty towns, …)﴿: in pop./year
- No clean, reliable water supply & food
- Poor sanitation → Contagious diseases (diarrhea, vomiting) - Poor medical care (no vaccination) → Infectious diseases (malaria)
- Unhealthy lifestyle
8.98 (1980) → 7.07 (1990) → 10.2 (1980) → 8.8 (2002) → 9.1
17.36 (2010)
(2003) → 8.5 (2011)
1990: AIDS pandemic
- Natural disasters
Cons: CDRAgeing pop. > CDRYouthful pop. → Can 't reflect level of development
Infant
Mortalit y Rate
(IMR)
No. of deaths of children < 1 year/1000 live birth/year
High IMR:
Botswana:
France:
- Lack of trained health workers & health facilities → 54.4 (1980) → 37.8 (1990) → 10.2 (1980) → 3.4 (2011)
Give birth at home
54.6 (2000) → 42.9 (2011)
- Poor sanitation (no clean water, dirty settlement) →
Modern medical facilities
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