Immunology Lecture Notes (PHGY 209)
Lecture 7: Immunology
Children that die of skid have no thymus, no lymph nodes, and messed up bone marrow
So these body parts are essential to immune function
GRIT – gay related immune deficiency
Became AIDS – acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1)
In patients with AIDS, the T-helper cells are destroyed
It’s a lymphocyte
It has a marker on its surface called CD4
CD4+ cells are t-helper cells
In AIDS these “go to hell”
Organs of the Immune System
Primary Organs
(Stem cells from Yolk Sac and Fetal Liver)
The ones needed for the immune system go to the liver then to the bone marrow
Some from bone marrow to thymus, and become t-helper cells that are CD4+
Bone marrow
Thymus gland
Secondary Organs
Lymph nodes throughout body
Spleen (largest lymph node in body)
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Found in gut, lower portion beneath submucosa, and bronchiole submucosa
Interaction with bacterial system in your gut is critical to normal functioning of immune system
Vaccination
Small pox was an infection that used to kill off 10% of the population
Dr. Edward Jenner figured out how people who survived small pox
Pock marked faces, signified those who survived small pox and were now immune
To be immune is to be exempt from a disease
Antigen – will be used to primarily indicate immunogen
Foreign material that induces an immune response
Cellular immune response: at the end, lymphocytes do the killing. Associated with low grade intracellular pathogens like viruses
Humeral Immune Response: anything dissolved in the serum is humeral, ANTIBODIES
The body will only recognize foreignness in the context of self
Could indicate a hapten
A foreign material, that isn’t large enough to induce an immune response
It will be carried on one of your own molecules (albumin) and shown to the immune system this way
Appropriate immune response will occur
The material must be recognized as dangerous!
i.e. you are
Children that die of skid have no thymus, no lymph nodes, and messed up bone marrow
So these body parts are essential to immune function
GRIT – gay related immune deficiency
Became AIDS – acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1)
In patients with AIDS, the T-helper cells are destroyed
It’s a lymphocyte
It has a marker on its surface called CD4
CD4+ cells are t-helper cells
In AIDS these “go to hell”
Organs of the Immune System
Primary Organs
(Stem cells from Yolk Sac and Fetal Liver)
The ones needed for the immune system go to the liver then to the bone marrow
Some from bone marrow to thymus, and become t-helper cells that are CD4+
Bone marrow
Thymus gland
Secondary Organs
Lymph nodes throughout body
Spleen (largest lymph node in body)
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Found in gut, lower portion beneath submucosa, and bronchiole submucosa
Interaction with bacterial system in your gut is critical to normal functioning of immune system
Vaccination
Small pox was an infection that used to kill off 10% of the population
Dr. Edward Jenner figured out how people who survived small pox
Pock marked faces, signified those who survived small pox and were now immune
To be immune is to be exempt from a disease
Antigen – will be used to primarily indicate immunogen
Foreign material that induces an immune response
Cellular immune response: at the end, lymphocytes do the killing. Associated with low grade intracellular pathogens like viruses
Humeral Immune Response: anything dissolved in the serum is humeral, ANTIBODIES
The body will only recognize foreignness in the context of self
Could indicate a hapten
A foreign material, that isn’t large enough to induce an immune response
It will be carried on one of your own molecules (albumin) and shown to the immune system this way
Appropriate immune response will occur
The material must be recognized as dangerous!
i.e. you are