Importance of Electromagnetics
EEE 171 Fall 2000
Lecture #1
1
Lecture 1: Importance of Electromagnetics
Electricity and magnetism in three dimensions is understood through electromagnetic theory.
Even simple circuit theory is founded on electromagnetic principles.
DIMENSIONS AND UNITS
We will use Système Internationale d 'Unités or the SI system of units whose fundamental units are: kilogram, meter, second, Ampere, Kelvin, and Candela for mass, length, time, temperature, and luminous intensity, respectively.
We will also work with frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic spectrum is shown:
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
EEE 171 Fall 2000
Lecture #1
2
Of some interest to us is the radio spectrum shown below:
The Radio Frequency Band
Frequencies of 1 GHz and above are defined in specific Microwave Bands:
New Band Designation
(old designation)
D (L)
E, F (S)
G, H (C)
I, J (X)
J (Ku)
J (K)
K (Ka)
Frequency
1 - 2 GHz
2 - 4 GHz
4 - 8 GHZ
8 - 12 GHz
12 - 18 GHz
18 - 26 GHz
26 - 40 GHz
SYMBOLS USED
Quantities or dimensions like charge Q or mass M are in italics. Vectors are bold as in electric field vector E. The magnitude of E is a scalar quantity E. Unit vectors are bold with a hat over the letter: for example, ˆx . A sample notation is:
F = ˆx 200 kg-m-s-2
Please also remember to use dimensional analysis.
EEE 171 Fall 2000
Lecture #1
VECTOR ANALYSIS
A scalar is a quantity that has magnitude only.
A vector has both magnitude and direction.
Vector A = ˆa A has magnitude A = | A | and unit vector ˆa = A/A
VECTOR ADDITION
Vector addition using the parallelogram rule and the head-to-tail rule
In the figure above for vector addition: C = A + B.
3
EEE 171 Fall 2000
Lecture #1
4
RECTANGULAR COORDINATES AND VECTOR COMPONENTS
A rectangular or cartesian coordinate system has three mutually perpendicular axes called the x, y and z axes as shown below. We will use the right-handed system.
Cartesian Coordinate System
Any vector can be resolved into three
Lecture #1
1
Lecture 1: Importance of Electromagnetics
Electricity and magnetism in three dimensions is understood through electromagnetic theory.
Even simple circuit theory is founded on electromagnetic principles.
DIMENSIONS AND UNITS
We will use Système Internationale d 'Unités or the SI system of units whose fundamental units are: kilogram, meter, second, Ampere, Kelvin, and Candela for mass, length, time, temperature, and luminous intensity, respectively.
We will also work with frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic spectrum is shown:
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
EEE 171 Fall 2000
Lecture #1
2
Of some interest to us is the radio spectrum shown below:
The Radio Frequency Band
Frequencies of 1 GHz and above are defined in specific Microwave Bands:
New Band Designation
(old designation)
D (L)
E, F (S)
G, H (C)
I, J (X)
J (Ku)
J (K)
K (Ka)
Frequency
1 - 2 GHz
2 - 4 GHz
4 - 8 GHZ
8 - 12 GHz
12 - 18 GHz
18 - 26 GHz
26 - 40 GHz
SYMBOLS USED
Quantities or dimensions like charge Q or mass M are in italics. Vectors are bold as in electric field vector E. The magnitude of E is a scalar quantity E. Unit vectors are bold with a hat over the letter: for example, ˆx . A sample notation is:
F = ˆx 200 kg-m-s-2
Please also remember to use dimensional analysis.
EEE 171 Fall 2000
Lecture #1
VECTOR ANALYSIS
A scalar is a quantity that has magnitude only.
A vector has both magnitude and direction.
Vector A = ˆa A has magnitude A = | A | and unit vector ˆa = A/A
VECTOR ADDITION
Vector addition using the parallelogram rule and the head-to-tail rule
In the figure above for vector addition: C = A + B.
3
EEE 171 Fall 2000
Lecture #1
4
RECTANGULAR COORDINATES AND VECTOR COMPONENTS
A rectangular or cartesian coordinate system has three mutually perpendicular axes called the x, y and z axes as shown below. We will use the right-handed system.
Cartesian Coordinate System
Any vector can be resolved into three
References: J. D. Kraus and D. A. Fleisch, Electromagnetics with Applications, Fifth Editon, WCB/McGrawHill, 1999. F. T Ulaby, Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics, Prentice-Hall, 1999.