1.|Although several students in the classroom are talking loudly, Jim's attention is focused only on what his girlfriend is saying. In this instance, the girlfriend's voice is a: |
A)|perceptual adaptation. |
B)|perceptual set. |
C)|figure. |
D)|gestalt. |
2.|In Hilgard's hidden observer studies, a person's hypnotized self usually indicated ________ to pain and a person's hidden observer indicated ________ to pain. |
A)|insensitivity; sensitivity |
B)|sensitivity; insensitivity |
C)|sensitivity; sensitivity |
D)|insensitivity; insensitivity |
3.|A review of sex research and education indicates that: |
A)|scientific methods prevent sex research from being influenced by psychologists' personal values. |
B)|sexual …show more content…
activity is largely a medical issue, not a moral issue. |
C)|the labels researchers use to describe sexual behavior are often value-laden. |
D)|public standards of morality are irrelevant to something as private and personal as human sexual behavior. |
4.|Dr. Ligorano has devoted his professional life to researching the wants and needs that energize and direct behavior. His area of research has obviously been: |
A)|emotion. |
B)|behavior genetics. |
C)|adaptation. |
D)|cognition. |
E)|motivation. |
5.|When people experience positive emotions, the ________ hemisphere of the brain becomes ________ electrically active. |
A)|right; less |
B)|right; more |
C)|left; less |
D)|left; more |
6.|People are most biologically predisposed to learn to fear: |
A)|electricity. |
B)|guns. |
C)|other people. |
D)|spiders. |
7.|In a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, infants with an insecure maternal attachment are most likely to: |
A)|feel immediately reassured and comforted when their mothers leave them. |
B)|show indifference or hostility when their mothers approach them after a brief absence. |
C)|happily leave their mother's side and explore their new surroundings. |
D)|demonstrate unusually low levels of stranger anxiety. |
8.|Age regression refers to: |
A)|our natural tendency to relive successful experiences in our daydreams. |
B)|the hypnotically induced reliving of earlier life experiences. |
C)|the life review that is reported in the near-death experience. |
D)|the flashbacks to childhood that often occur during an LSD trip. |
9.|In a ring-toss game, people with a high need for achievement prefer to stand ________ the stake on which the ring is to be tossed. |
A)|either close to or far from |
B)|far away from |
C)|close to |
D)|at an intermediate distance from |
10.|Research indicates that alcohol: |
A)|disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories. |
B)|impairs recall of existing long-term memories. |
C)|impairs short-term recall of what has just been said. |
D)|does all the above. |
11.|The deterioration of memory, reasoning, and language that accompanies Alzheimer's disease is called: |
A)|role confusion. |
B)|menarche. |
C)|crystallized intelligence. |
D)|dementia. |
12.|John experienced excessive fear while flying because he interpreted his rapid heart rate, shallow breathing, and heavy perspiration as a reaction to the imminent danger of an air accident. When his psychotherapist convinced him that this physical arousal was simply a harmless reaction to acceleration, cabin pressure, and confined space, his fear of flying was greatly reduced. The reduction in John's fear is best understood in terms of the: |
A)|adaptation-level principle. |
B)|catharsis hypothesis. |
C)|relative deprivation principle. |
D)|two-factor theory. |
E)|James-Lange theory. |
13.|Alfred Kinsey's study of American sexual practices in the 1940s indicated that: |
A)|a majority of married women reported that they had never had an orgasm. |
B)|a majority of both women and men reported that they masturbated. |
C)|women who reported masturbating before marriage typically had difficulties experiencing orgasm after marriage. |
D)|all the above were true. |
14.|The desire to avoid stress is to ________ theory as the desire to avoid boredom is to ________ theory. |
A)|drive-reduction; arousal |
B)|incentive; instinct |
C)|arousal; incentive |
D)|instinct; drive-reduction |
15.|When an organism's weight falls below its set point, the organism is likely to experience a(n) ________ in hunger and a(n) ________ in its basal metabolic rate. |
A)|increase; decrease |
B)|increase; increase |
C)|decrease; increase |
D)|decrease; decrease |
16.|Turning in at her street, Heidi saw six fire trucks in front of her apartment building. Her heart beat wildly until someone yelled, "Just a false alarm." Her pulse then began to return to normal, due to the action of her ________ nervous system. |
A)|sympathetic |
B)|parasympathetic |
C)|somatic |
D)|central |
17.|Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Larisa's breathing slowed, her pupils constricted, and her feelings of anxiety were replaced by blissful pleasure. Larisa most likely experienced the effects of: |
A)|LSD. |
B)|nicotine. |
C)|heroin. |
D)|cocaine. |
18.|Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that: |
A)|the process of dissociation best explains hypnotic phenomena. |
B)|most hypnotized people are consciously faking hypnosis. |
C)|hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects. |
D)|hypnotic susceptibility is positively correlated with introversion. |
E)|hypnosis is a unique state of consciousness. |
19.|Which sleep disorder is more likely to be experienced by children than by adults? |
A)|night terrors |
B)|narcolepsy |
C)|insomnia |
D)|sleep apnea |
20.|Americans are more likely than Asians to: |
A)|work most effectively when highly aroused.
|
B)|repress their negative emotions. |
C)|openly display their feelings by their facial expressions. |
D)|recognize facial expressions of happiness. |
E)|react with sympathetic nervous system arousal to a dangerous situation. |
21.|Growth hormone secretions peak in women at predictable hours of each night. This best illustrates the dynamics of the: |
A)|REM rebound. |
B)|circadian rhythm. |
C)|hypnogogic state. |
D)|menstrual cycle. |
22.|People report that they are especially likely to experience anger when they suffer from a misdeed that is perceived as: |
A)|unintended. |
B)|unjustified. |
C)|unavoidable. |
D)|unusual. |
23.|Mr. Robinson, an employee of the U.S. Defense Department, is strongly suspected of selling classified information to China. He has denied the allegation. To determine whether he is lying, the Defense Department is most likely to invite Mr. Robinson to take a(n) ________ test. |
A)|tomograph |
B)|polygraph |
C)|electrocardiograph |
D)|electroencephalograph |
E)|myograph |
24.|As a sleep-research subject for the past three nights, Tim has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep. Tonight, when allowed to sleep undisturbed, Tim will likely experience: …show more content…
|
A)|an increase in Stage 4 sleep. |
B)|an increase in REM sleep. |
C)|sleep apnea. |
D)|insomnia. |
25.|After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal: |
A)|hypnogogic state. |
B)|alpha wave pattern. |
C)|general adaptation syndrome. |
D)|circadian rhythm. |
26.|Compared to others, those with a fantasy-prone personality are ________ likely to daydream and are ________ likely to report mystical or religious experiences. |
A)|more; more |
B)|less; less |
C)|more; less |
D)|less; more |
27.|Evidence indicates that REM sleep contributes to: |
A)|dissociation. |
B)|near-death experiences. |
C)|memory consolidation. |
D)|snoring. |
E)|night terrors. |
28.|You were happy with your grade of "B" on the psychology test until you learned that everyone else in class received an "A." This illustrates that happiness is influenced by: |
A)|the "feel-good, do-good" phenomenon. |
B)|catharsis. |
C)|opponent-process effects. |
D)|the adaptation-level phenomenon. |
E)|relative deprivation. |
29.|Managers with a social leadership style would be most likely to: |
A)|inform employees of the exact deadlines for the completion of work projects. |
B)|mediate a personal dispute between two argumentative employees. |
C)|discourage employees from critically discussing controversial company policies. |
D)|provide employees with relatively easy work assignments. |
E)|ensure that individual employees contribute their fair share to group projects. |
30.|In a complete sexual response cycle, ________ immediately precedes ________. |
A)|the plateau phase; the excitement phase |
B)|the excitement phase; the resolution phase |
C)|orgasm; the excitement phase |
D)|the excitement phase; orgasm |
E)|the plateau phase; orgasm |
31.|The facial expressions associated with particular emotions are: |
A)|more similar in adults than they are in children or adolescents. |
B)|learned in early childhood. |
C)|different in Eastern and Western cultures. |
D)|more similar in women than in men. |
E)|the same throughout the world. |
32.|Marsha was emotionally aroused by a TV horror movie. She became extremely angry when her younger brother momentarily blocked her view of the screen. When her movie viewing was interrupted by a phone call from her boyfriend, however, she experienced unusually intense romantic feelings. Marsha's emotional reactivity to her brother and her boyfriend is best explained by the: |
A)|adaptation-level principle. |
B)|two-factor theory. |
C)|Cannon-Bard theory. |
D)|catharsis hypothesis. |
E)|James-Lange theory. |
33.|Which brain structure has been found to be especially important in learning to fear specific objects?
|
A)|thalamus |
B)|corpus callosum |
C)|hypothalamus |
D)|amygdala |
E)|hippocampus |
34.|A subliminal message is one that is presented: |
A)|with very soft background music. |
B)|while an individual is under hypnosis. |
C)|below the absolute threshold for awareness. |
D)|repetitiously. |
E)|in a manner that is unconsciously persuasive. |
35.|In order to determine whether hypnosis can be therapeutic, researchers must compare the reactions of hypnotherapy recipients with the responses of: |
A)|fantasy-prone personalities. |
B)|insomniacs. |
C)|a control group. |
D)|drug addicts. |
E)|a hidden observer. |
36.|Research on the physiological states accompanying specific emotions indicates that: |
A)|emotions such as happiness and surprise are accompanied by different blood pressure levels. |
B)|different emotions arise through different brain circuits. |
C)|every emotion has precisely the same pattern of limbic system activity. |
D)|each emotion has a unique pattern of sympathetic nervous system activity. |
37.|Terry has not slept for 72 hours. It is increasingly likely that he will be more susceptible to:
|
A)|night terrors. |
B)|insomnia. |
C)|dissociation. |
D)|sleep apnea. |
E)|viral infections. |
38.|In additive color mixing, a combination of red and green forms ________; in subtractive color mixing, a combination of yellow and blue forms ________. |
A)|blue; red |
B)|green; yellow |
C)|red; blue |
D)|yellow; green |
E)|white; black |
39.|The concept of relative deprivation refers to the perception that: |
A)|happiness is simply a state of mind. |
B)|one is worse off than those with whom one compares oneself. |
C)|happiness can't last forever. |
D)|things are never quite as bad as they could be. |
E)|yesterday's luxuries are today's necessities. |
40.|By 1960 the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in: |
A)|socialization. |
B)|mental health. |
C)|emotion. |
D)|genetics. |
E)|cognition. |
41.|A neural cell cluster located in the ________ was discovered by ________ to be larger in heterosexual than in homosexual men. |
A)|medulla: Johnson |
B)|hypothalamus; Le Vay |
C)|cerebellum; Kinsey |
D)|thalamus; Dorner |
E)|amygdala; Masters |
42.|At the Pamuk Manufacturing Company, employees are under constant surveillance by supervisors in order to ensure that every worker contributes his or her fair share to company productivity. This is most likely to ________ the employees' ________. |
A)|increase; self-esteem |
B)|decrease; intrinsic motivation |
C)|decrease; productivity |
D)|increase; achievement motivation |
43.|When Mark first tried to quit smoking, he experienced anxiety, irritability, and difficulty sleeping. Mark was experiencing: |
A)|burnout. |
B)|dissociation. |
C)|post-traumatic stress disorder. |
D)|withdrawal. |
44.|The emotions of anger and fear involve similar: |
A)|patterns of autonomic arousal. |
B)|patterns of brain activity. |
C)|subjective thoughts and experiences. |
D)|hormone secretions. |
45.|People's long-term feelings of life satisfaction are typically ________ by a tragic event and ________ by a dramatically positive event. |
A)|largely unchanged; increased |
B)|largely unchanged; largely unchanged |
C)|decreased; increased |
D)|decreased; largely unchanged |
46.|Addictions to ________ are often overcome without professional help. |
A)|heroin |
B)|alcohol |
C)|nicotine |
D)|all the above |
47.|Research on American adolescent sexuality and pregnancy indicates that: |
A)|fewer than half of adolescents can identify the safe and risky times of the menstrual cycle. |
B)|high sex guilt can inhibit planning for birth control. |
C)|sexually active teens are usually alcohol-using teens. |
D)|all the above are true. |
48.|The catharsis hypothesis refers to the idea that: |
A)|anger is reduced by aggressive action or fantasy. |
B)|every emotion is preceded by cognition. |
C)|successful performance is influenced by level of physiological arousal. |
D)|humans tend to adapt to a given level of stimulation. |
49.|The disorder involving uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness is known as: |
A)|aphasia. |
B)|sleep apnea. |
C)|narcolepsy. |
D)|insomnia. |
50.|An increase in insulin triggers a(n) ________ in blood glucose levels and a(n) ________ in feelings of hunger. |
A)|increase; increase |
B)|increase; decrease |
C)|decrease; increase |
D)|decrease; decrease |
51.|Evidence of large cross-cultural differences in the prevalence of PMS most clearly serves to challenge the causal significance of ________ to this pattern of symptoms. |
A)|sleep apnea |
B)|REM sleep |
C)|narcolepsy |
D)|biological rhythms |
52.|As a member of the diplomatic corps, Jonas was given special training in the customs, language, and religions of the Third World country to which he was going. However, Jonas probably needed little training to correctly interpret his hosts' expressions of emotion as revealed by their: |
A)|dancing. |
B)|body postures. |
C)|facial expressions. |
D)|hand gestures. |
E)|tones of voice. |
53.|Which theory can best explain the results of the experiment in which subjects were injected with epinephrine prior to spending time with either a euphoric or an irritated person? |
A)|the opponent-process theory |
B)|the Cannon-Bard theory |
C)|the two-factor theory |
D)|the James-Lange theory |
54.|Inhibition of hunger is to overeating as ________ is to ________. |
A)|a low blood glucose level; a high blood insulin level |
B)|destruction of the lateral hypothalamus; destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus |
C)|a high blood glucose level; a low blood insulin level |
D)|destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus; destruction of the lateral hypothalamus |
55.|Theory X is to ________ as theory Y is to ________. |
A)|social leadership; task leadership |
B)|informative rewards; controlling rewards |
C)|directive management; participative management |
D)|intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation |
56.|A high sense of premarital sex guilt ________ sexual abstinence and ________ planned contraceptive use. |
A)|encourages; discourages |
B)|encourages; encourages |
C)|discourages; encourages |
D)|discourages; discourages |
57.|Instinct theory most clearly assumes that behavior is influenced by: |
A)|intrinsic motivation. |
B)|genetic predispositions. |
C)|extrinsic motivation. |
D)|incentives. |
E)|homeostasis. |
58.|Mice with ________ levels of ________ are especially likely to be attracted to alcohol. |
A)|high; NPY |
B)|low; NPY |
C)|low; REM |
D)|high; REM |
59.|When students perceive the arousal that accompanies test-taking as energizing rather than debilitating, they experience much less anxiety. This is best understood in terms of the: |
A)|two-factor theory. |
B)|relative deprivation principle. |
C)|James-Lange theory. |
D)|adaptation-level principle. |
E)|opponent-process theory. |
60.|As a meal progresses, people are increasingly likely to: |
A)|experience a rising blood insulin level. |
B)|experience a drop in their basal metabolic rate. |
C)|enjoy the taste of each bite of food. |
D)|chew longer on each bite of food. |
61.|Which of the following is not one of the basic components of emotion identified in the text? |
A)|pupil contraction |
B)|expressive behavior |
C)|physiological arousal |
D)|conscious experience |
62.|The best evidence that day-old human infants possess visual memory capabilities comes from research on: |
A)|the rooting reflex. |
B)|object permanence. |
C)|conservation. |
D)|habituation. |
E)|imprinting. |
63.|Hypnotized people are no more likely to perform dangerous acts than those who are asked to simulate hypnosis. This fact is most consistent with: |
A)|Freud's dream theory. |
B)|social influence theory. |
C)|dissociation theory. |
D)|the activation-synthesis theory. |
64.|Consciousness is most important for the correct performance of behaviors that: |
A)|have been learned through repeated practice. |
B)|depend on information processing. |
C)|are novel and challenging. |
D)|require physical coordination skills. |
65.|The specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time is known as the: |
A)|basal metabolic rate. |
B)|set point. |
C)|homeostatic constant. |
D)|hypothalamic plateau. |
66.|Which division of the nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in emotionally stressful situations? |
A)|somatic |
B)|parasympathetic |
C)|central |
D)|sympathetic |
67.|The fear Bart experiences just before a street fight is replaced by a sense of joyful relief immediately afterwards. The opponent-process theory would predict that with repeated involvement in street fights, the intensity of joyful relief Bart experiences immediately after each fight will ________ and the intensity of fear he experiences immediately before will ________. |
A)|decrease; decrease |
B)|increase; increase |
C)|increase; decrease |
D)|decrease; increase |
68.|Insomnia is a disorder involving: |
A)|recurring difficulty in falling or staying asleep. |
B)|uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness. |
C)|the excessive use of sleeping pills or other drugs that induce sleep. |
D)|the cessation of breathing during sleep. |
69.|Amy, a 23-year-old married high school teacher, experiences orgasmic disorder. Recent research suggests that she is most likely to be helped by: |
A)|psychoanalysis, which uncovers the unconscious conflict causing her problem. |
B)|nondirective therapy that raises her self-esteem. |
C)|behavior therapy that encourages her to be sexually active only during ovulation. |
D)|drug therapy, which increases her estrogen level. |
E)|therapy that trains her to enjoy her body and give herself orgasms. |
70.|Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that people are unlikely to be motivated to obtain ________ if they are deprived of ________. |
A)|friendship and love; religious fulfillment |
B)|food and shelter; political freedom |
C)|sexual gratification; self-esteem |
D)|good grades in school; love and safety |
71.|Evidence that homosexual men have spatial abilities like those typical of heterosexual women is most consistent with the hypothesized linkage between sexual orientation and: |
A)|hypothalamic activity. |
B)|the refractory period. |
C)|artistic skills. |
D)|prenatal hormones. |
E)|blood glucose levels. |
72.|Pupil constriction is to pupil dilation as ________ is to ________. |
A)|nicotine; alcohol |
B)|heroin; cocaine |
C)|marijuana; morphine |
D)|an amphetamine; a barbiturate |
73.|Marijuana is ________ addictive than nicotine and ________ addictive than cocaine. |
A)|more; less |
B)|more; more |
C)|less; less |
D)|less; more |
74.|The level of arousal typically associated with optimal performance tends to be ________ on tasks that are ________. |
A)|higher; relatively difficult |
B)|lower; well learned |
C)|lower; relatively easy |
D)|higher; well learned |
75.|In the context of hunger motivation, an "external" person is an individual: |
A)|whose eating is triggered more by the presence of food stimuli than by internal factors. |
B)|whose dieting can be maintained only by external, social support. |
C)|who is particularly sensitive to the social norm of slimness. |
D)|whose basal metabolic rate is more sensitive to exercise than to internal factors. |
76.|The skyrocketing salaries of major league baseball players are most likely to reduce the athletes': |
A)|social leadership. |
B)|task leadership. |
C)|achievement motivation. |
D)|intrinsic motivation. |
E)|extrinsic motivation. |
77.|Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep. |
A)|REM; Stage 4 |
B)|Stage 2; REM |
C)|Stage 1; REM |
D)|REM; Stage 1 |
E)|REM; Stage 2 |
78.|Research on the accuracy of lie detector tests indicates that they: |
A)|err about one-third of the time. |
B)|are rarely wrong. |
C)|are no more accurate than a 50-50 coin toss. |
D)|err about 10 percent of the time. |
79.|Margie insists that she never dreams but her roommate feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the roommate should: |
A)|make an all-night audiotape of the sounds Margie makes while sleeping. |
B)|wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming. |
C)|feed Margie lots of rich food just before bedtime. |
D)|wake Margie after she has been asleep for about 5 minutes and ask her what she's dreaming. |
80.|In a group discussion, women are ________ likely than men to express support for others' opinions. As group leaders, women are ________ likely than men to promote a democratic leadership style. |
A)|more; less |
B)|less; less |
C)|more; more |
D)|less; more |
81.|Kittens raised in a visual environment consisting solely of vertical stripes subsequently had difficulty: |
A)|seeing horizontally oriented objects. |
B)|perceiving any figure-ground relationships. |
C)|seeing vertically oriented objects. |
D)|doing all the above. |
82.|Plato's belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as: |
A)|dualism. |
B)|reincarnation. |
C)|dissociation. |
D)|the circadian rhythm. |
E)|age regression. |
83.|Hunger controls are located within the: |
A)|hippocampus. |
B)|amygdala. |
C)|hypothalamus. |
D)|temporal lobe. |
E)|medulla. |
84.|The sexual disorders of ________ seem to involve a personality disorder. |
A)|men but not women |
B)|neither men nor women |
C)|both men and women |
D)|women but not men |
85.|Compared to men, women would probably be better at: |
A)|overcoming the negative effects described by the adaptation-level principle. |
B)|interpreting the polygraph test of a suspected criminal. |
C)|detecting the emotions of two people having a discussion over lunch. |
D)|controlling their physiological responses on a guilty knowledge test. |
E)|all the above. |
86.|Employee achievement motivation is most likely to be facilitated by: |
A)|directive management. |
B)|participative management. |
C)|theory X managers. |
D)|task leadership. |
87.|Nerve deafness is caused by damage to the: |
A)|cochlea. |
B)|hammer, anvil, and stirrup. |
C)|auditory canal. |
D)|eardrum. |
88.|In contrast to alcohol, marijuana: |
A)|does not impair memory. |
B)|is rapidly eliminated from the body. |
C)|does not impair motor coordination. |
D)|amplifies sensitivity to sounds. |
89.|Which of the following individuals best illustrates an extrinsic religious motivation? |
A)|Carol, who prays in order to increase her awareness of God |
B)|Judy, who reads devotional materials in order to understand the meaning of life |
C)|Dorothy, who donates money to charity in order to affirm her spiritual values |
D)|Rhonda, who attends religious services in order to promote her business contacts |
90.|Compared with Asians, Americans are especially likely to display their feelings of: |
A)|pride. |
B)|shame. |
C)|sympathy. |
D)|respect. |
91.|After drinking three cans of beer, Akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. Akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption has: |
A)|reduced his self-awareness. |
B)|increased his level of sympathetic nervous system arousal. |
C)|destroyed some of his brain cells. |
D)|reduced his sexual desire. |
E)|directed his attention to the future. |
92.|At 16 months of age, Edmund is uncertain whether his busy parents will take time to feed him when he is hungry. This is most indicative of: |
A)|habituation. |
B)|conservation. |
C)|insecure attachment. |
D)|the rooting reflex. |
E)|imprinting. |
93.|Feli has been asleep for 3 hours. As he continues to sleep, we can expect that ________ sleep will diminish and that ________ sleep will increase in duration. |
A)|Stage 3; Stage 4 |
B)|Stage 4; REM |
C)|REM; Stage 3 |
D)|Stage 4; Stage 3 |
94.|Helen knew the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one. This illustrates the importance of the distance cue known as: |
A)|relative height. |
B)|linear perspective. |
C)|relative size. |
D)|interposition. |
E)|proximity. |
95.|After learning to associate a blue slide with a blaring horn, people who have suffered damage to the amygdala ________ show a fear reaction to the blue slide, and they ________ be able to remember the previous pairing of the blue slide with the blaring horn. |
A)|will not; will |
B)|will; will |
C)|will not; will not |
D)|will; will not |
96.|Which theory would be most threatened by evidence that highly similar patterns of physiological activity are associated with uniquely different emotional states? |
A)|the Cannon-Bard theory |
B)|the opponent-process theory |
C)|the James-Lange theory |
D)|the two-factor theory |
97.|Sheila is more fearful of loneliness than of remaining in a physically abusive relationship with her boyfriend. This best illustrates the potentially harmful impact of ________ needs. |
A)|safety |
B)|self-actualization |
C)|achievement |
D)|belongingness |
E)|sexual |
98.|Extrinsic rewards are not likely to reduce intrinsic motivation if they are: |
A)|frequently given. |
B)|perceived as manipulative. |
C)|informative. |
D)|large. |
99.|In which country would parents be least likely to advocate catharsis as a way of helping their children reduce their anger? |
A)|France |
B)|the United States |
C)|Japan |
D)|Australia |
100.|People are fearful of so many different objects and events because: |
A)|they are biologically predisposed to fear almost anything. |
B)|they are biologically predisposed to be most fearful of things that most threaten their physical survival. |
C)|the nervous system is naturally aroused by novel and unfamiliar stimuli. |
D)|they learn to fear things associated with naturally painful or traumatic experiences. |