Inadequate Access To Water And Sanitation Case Study

1. Inadequate access to water or sanitation facilities if no toilet or latrine, or no access to public water source
Overall coverage of water is low, especially for the poor and rural areas. Less than 60% of the population has running water inside or outside their homes. However, the cleanliness of the water is another issue altogether. Also, the disparity in coverage between rural and urban areas is quite large. Almost 80% of the rural poor compared to not even a quarter of the urban poor do not have access to running water. Lack of access to clean water is a major factor explaining diarrhoea as the main cause of infant mortality in the country. Coverage of sanitation services is generally low, but lowest for the poor and rural areas, where
Housing expenditures are the second most important expenditure across poverty groups. The poor, however, are worse-off than all other groups. They represent almost one third of total expenditures of the extremely poor in urban areas. A large proportion of households do not have a legal title to their dwelling. The poor, and especially the rural poor, have limited access as they have the lowest levels of ownership with legal titles. The reason this explanation is important for this the number of people under the same roof, is that that is probably the reason for so many heads in one house. With the household rates what they are, the poor can barely afford to establish themselves in one home, forget more than one to reside in. As a direct result of this, there is more often than not, crowding of a large number of people in the same room. In addition to this, poor households tend to have a few more members in a family as compared to non poor ones, mostly under the age of
On average, a Nicaraguan has received 4.5 years of schooling. The extremely poor have received much less schooling: 3 years in urban areas and only 1.6 years in rural areas. While primary education is universal, students' educational progress through the school system is highly deficient, and affects the poor most. Almost one-quarter of all secondary age students are still in primary school. As a direct consequence of the poor's failure to complete primary education, their enrolment in secondary school is affected. Similarly, university level enrolment is circumscribed to the non-poor. Moreover, attendance in pre-school programs, which is particularly valuable for developing learning skills among disadvantaged children, is low and largely caters to the urban non-poor. Of the age group 7-14, a mere 4.6% of the poor are enrolled in primary education, but the question of attendance remains