The Justice Department’s statistics show that approximately 47 percent of inmates in the state prisons have parents or other close relatives who have also been incarcerated. The Justice Department believes that ignoring this family cycle of criminality may be very difficult, and end up costing tax payers an expediential amount of money. It is astonishing that given all the research that is done about other issues on criminals, there is either no research or very little research regarding this subject of family criminal activity. This I’m sure is due to the limited availability of records that contain the criminal records of multiple generations of families. It is possible that with the proper research and funding, that reducing crime today may also reduce crime in the future. Moreover, research may underestimate the effects of policies that treat or deter criminal behavior by not taking into account the effect on future generations. Although there are studies that provide some evidence of intergenerational criminal correlations, there is no real focus on identifying why this relationship exists.…
To start, this paper has been more than challenging for me. Never before has my eyes been more opened to such differences. And to warn you I may have more information than needed, but no surprise there. Here bellow is what I have come up with on the differences between jail systems and prisons systems.…
This research paper will include spiritual, emotional, social, and physical issues such as drug and alcohol abuse, financial issues, academic issues, and stigmatization that is placed on children that have incarcerated parents. The research paper will also include some statistics, rights, needs, mentor help, and outreaches for the children with incarcerated parents. The paper will answer the following questions: What are the issues and effects that children face with incarcerated parent? How can people stop stigmatizing and start making a difference in the children’s lives? What is the percentage rate of the children being incarcerated…
Social support was measured by whether the respondent had friends of family that could loan them money, thatwould listen to their problems or help them stay out of trouble. The research concluded that inmates who experienced prison as a harsh place and who did not have peers to rely on for support, may be more likely to hold on to their prison experiences and display hostility while reintegrating back into…
“A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Stigmatization of Children of Incarcerated Parents” by Susan Phillips and Trevor Gates, explains the how stigmatization affects the families of the incarcerated by instigating financial hardships and delinquent behavior. “Mass Incarceration, Family Complexity, and the Reproduction of Childhood Disadvantage” by B.L. Sykes and B. Pettit talks about the concept of multiple partner fertility as a form of family complexity, and how this outwardly affects the nuclear family decline. And “Young Adult Outcomes and the Life-Course Penalties of Parental Incarceration” by Daniel P. Mears and Sonja E. Siennick introduce the turning point theory and how it provides further explanation of the perpetuation of intergenerational incarceration. All of the articles address the subject of mass incarceration, and how it disproportionately affects families of color. These theories all support the idea that parental incarceration affects the decline of the nuclear family among minorities in the United States by creating current problems for the families involved with the system, and also perpetuating a cycle that is bound to affect future generations. The perpetuation of the cycle is what keeps the incarceration rates up and the nuclear family rates down over…
In recent discussions of over populated jails, a controversial issue has been it would make the world safer. On the one hand, some argue that it could be dangerous. On the other hand, however, others argue that it could help in the long run. In sum, then, the issue is who we should be sending to the slammer.…
Can you imagine a child being miles and miles away from their parents for days, weeks, months, or even years on end? A child in this circumstance is left wondering if their parent is safe and when they will see them again. Studies have shown that having an incarcerated parent can have negative effects on a child throughout their lifetime. Murray & Sekol wrote about numerous study results that included, “7,374 children with incarcerated parents and 37,325 comparison children …showed that parental incarceration is associated with higher risk for children's antisocial behavior, but not for mental health problems” (Murray & Sekol, 2012, p. 175). The population of incarcerated individuals in the United States is constantly climbing, so it is imperative that the child welfare system implements more proactive ways to encourage family connections between incarcerated individuals and their children. By examining evidence of the impact on children of incarcerated parents, I propose the best means of promoting healthy relationships and bringing awareness to the issue is by hosting a YouTube Live Campaign and promoting support groups.…
Linking to the study conducted by Nurse, father’s prolonged exposure to harsh prison environments, socializes them to use violence they have learned in prison to resolve problems (Mustaine, Tewksbury, 4). The socialization for fathers who are incarcerated to use violence in order to resolve problems makes it more probable for them to use this violence against their partners and children when they return home from incarceration. In addition, qualitative evidence also suggests that incarceration poisons relationship dynamics which brings me to my next area of focus; the impact that paternal incarceration has on the mothers of their children. In her study, Nurse documents how prolonged paternal absence due to incarceration leads to changes in routines among fathers and mothers alike that damage relationships (4). It is critical to analyze the impact on the mother as well as the children because the mothers are the primary caregivers who help their children develop and…
In particular, one study found that specifically children with incarcerated mothers compared to those without, are more likely to be convicted of a crime in adult hood (Schubert et al. 2016). In response to these factors there have been programs implemented in some prisons such as extended visiting programs in prison and programs that allow parenting while incarcerated. Programs that allow for mothering in prison aim to offer new alternatives for families who get split apart as a result of incarceration. This paper will utilize the article “Motherhood as Punishment: The Case of Parenting in Prison” as a way to analyze a fairly new program called Visions that promises to offer mothers in prison a way to be in their children’s life while their incarcerated, but instead becomes a social system that utilizes motherhood as a tool for…
However, due to the continued growth of the prison industry the social cost, children without parents, the decrease in educational opportunities, employment and home ownership has effected the poor but more specifically African-American males and their families. What is even more astounding is that other lucrative countries such as Canada and Italy are also experiencing a decline in crime rates without increasing their rates of incarceration. In California, 2011 that state started to reform their judicial system these reforms resulted in a decreased use of prisons for parole violations and more of the use of local sanctions. The result of this reformations was a decline of nearly 13% of the prison population in one year. The conclusion of this…
The data used in this project came from the Returning Home dataset, collected between 2004 and 2005, by the Urban Institute .The data are comprised of both males and females who were incarcerated in the state of Texas with a total sample size of 676 individuals at Wave 1(during incarceration). About 30 days before release, respondents completed a self-administered survey regarding a host of measures assessing pre incarceration dimensions encompassing family life, employment, and experiences outside of prison. Respondents were also asked about life during incarceration including experiences such as various activities and programs they may have participated in, family contact, and disciplinary issues. Approximately 2 to 5 months after release,…
Hairston (2012) posits that it is very common to find a child whose parents have been incarcerated experiencing a lot of problems in the society. According to recent studies, the children whose parents are incarcerated are a very vulnerable…
In today’s society, mischievous actions are often looked down upon and on occasions are subject to confinement to protect others from detriment. Individuals that commit offenses that are punishable my law may be sentenced to a place confinement such as jails, prisons, detention facilities, etc. People who are assigned to serve sentences in these facilities are seen as a danger to others and are best in captivity until these behaviors become either close or completely obsolete. The logic behind this is that a person guilty of a crime will learn over a certain time and mentally break oneself down. Another reason may be that ones offense is so sever that they will have to spend the rest of ones life in incarceration or pay with death. Overall incarceration is meant to be a punishment in order to prevent future activity that breaks what is considered as peace in society.…
The article in question discusses the concern rather or not the public should be financially responsible for prisoners as far as funding their sex change operations. The article first acknowledges that legally there are certain accommodations that need to be met for human beings. Therefore, a person's religious, ethnic or social status in society does not serve as an excuse for cruel treatment instead of giving respect to their natural born rights. On the other hand, the material expresses that after the Transgender Law Center brought two cases against the state of California and considering recommendations from psychiatrists, these procedures are necessary for the sanity of inmates. Along these lines, the context of the eighth amendment becomes…
The United States Incarceration system have produced a new social group, these individuals are categorized as social deviants who are joined by the shared experience of incarceration, crime, poverty, racial minority, and low education. However, researchers recently examined the grey area of innocent individuals have been are convicted and serve time within the American criminal justice system. The new group that has emerged is called "exonerees". Twenty-six years ago, “exoneration” did not exist in the United States. Exoneration refers to the process by which a government entity, by way of a pardon or judicial order, concedes that a convicted person is indeed innocent.…